महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-32

न सूतेषु न धुर्येषु न च शस्त्रोपनायिषु ।
न भेरीशङ्खवादेषु प्रहर्तव्यं कथंचन ॥३२॥

32. na sūteṣu na dhuryeṣu na ca śastropanāyiṣu ,
na bherīśaṅkhavādeṣu prahartavyaṁ kathaṁcana.

32. na sūteṣu na dhuryeṣu na ca śastraupanāyiṣu
na bherīśaṅkhavādeṣu prahartavyam kathaṃcana

32. na sūteṣu na dhuryeṣu na ca śastraupanāyiṣu
na bherīśaṅkhavādeṣu prahartavyam kathaṃcana

32. One should never attack charioteers, nor those bearing burdens, nor those supplying weapons, nor those playing drums and conches.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, nor

• सूतेषु (sūteṣu) - among charioteers, to charioteers, to drivers

• न (na) - not, nor

• धुर्येषु (dhuryeṣu) - those bearing burdens (e.g., supplies, animals) (among those bearing burdens, to those yoked (animals), to leaders)

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and

• शस्त्रौपनायिषु (śastraupanāyiṣu) - among those who bring/supply weapons

• न (na) - not, nor

• भेरीशङ्खवादेषु (bherīśaṅkhavādeṣu) - among those who play drums and conches

• प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - should be struck, should be attacked

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances, never

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

सूतेषु (sūteṣu) - among charioteers, to charioteers, to drivers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sūta

sūta - charioteer, driver, bard, carpenter

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to the charioteers of opponents, usually considered non-combatants in ethical warfare.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

धुर्येषु (dhuryeṣu) - those bearing burdens (e.g., supplies, animals) (among those bearing burdens, to those yoked (animals), to leaders)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dhurya

dhurya - belonging to the yoke, yoked, a beast of burden, chief, leader, bearing a burden/responsibility

From 'dhur' (yoke, burden).

Note: Used substantively.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शस्त्रौपनायिषु (śastraupanāyiṣu) - among those who bring/supply weapons

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śastropanāyin

śastropanāyin - one who supplies weapons, weapon-bearer (non-combatant)

Compound 'śastra' (weapon) + 'upanāyin' (one who brings near).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+upanāyin)

• śastra – weapon, arm
  noun (neuter)
• upanāyin – bringing near, one who brings, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun (from upa-nī)
  Derived from root 'nī' with prefix 'upa', agent suffix '-in'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Refers to weapon-bearers/suppliers, considered non-combatants.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

भेरीशङ्खवादेषु (bherīśaṅkhavādeṣu) - among those who play drums and conches

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bherīśaṅkhavāda

bherīśaṅkhavāda - one who plays drums and conches, musician (in battle)

Compound of 'bherī' (drum), 'śaṅkha' (conch), and 'vāda' (playing/player).

Compound type : dvandva (bherī+śaṅkha+vāda)

• bherī – drum, war-drum
  noun (feminine)
• śaṅkha – conch-shell, conch-blower
  noun (masculine)
• vāda – player, musician, sound, utterance
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun (from vad)
  Derived from root 'vad' with suffix '-a'.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used substantively.

प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - should be struck, should be attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prahartavya

prahartavya - to be struck, to be attacked, worthy of being struck

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root 'hṛ' with prefix 'pra' and suffix '-tavya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally as 'it should be struck'.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances, never

(indeclinable)