महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
कथं युयुधिरे वीराः कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः ।
पार्थिवाश्च महाभागा नानादेशसमागताः ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kathaṁ yuyudhire vīrāḥ kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ ,
pārthivāśca mahābhāgā nānādeśasamāgatāḥ.

1. janamejaya uvāca katham yuyudhire vīrāḥ kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ
pārthivāḥ ca mahābhāgāḥ nānādeśasamāgatāḥ

1. janamejaya uvāca katham vīrāḥ kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ ca
nānādeśasamāgatāḥ mahābhāgāḥ pārthivāḥ yuyudhire

1. Janamejaya said: "How did the heroes fight – the Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas, and also the illustrious kings who had gathered from various lands?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a king, recipient of the Mahabharata narration)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors (heroes, brave men, warriors)

• कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः (kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ) - The warriors belonging to the Kuru, Pāṇḍava, and Somaka lineages (Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas)

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - illustrious ones (highly fortunate, illustrious, noble)

• नानादेशसमागताः (nānādeśasamāgatāḥ) - assembled from various countries

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a king, recipient of the Mahabharata narration)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name, son of Parikshit)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of yudh

perfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect form of root yudh.

Root: yudh (class 4)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors (heroes, brave men, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः (kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ) - The warriors belonging to the Kuru, Pāṇḍava, and Somaka lineages (Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurupāṇḍavasomaka

kurupāṇḍavasomaka - Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+pāṇḍava+somaka)

• kuru – descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)
• somaka – the Somakas (a tribe allied with the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, prince (lit. 'belonging to the earth')

Taddhita derivative from pṛthivī (earth).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - illustrious ones (highly fortunate, illustrious, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhāga – share, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhaj (to divide, share).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `pārthivāḥ`.

नानादेशसमागताः (nānādeśasamāgatāḥ) - assembled from various countries

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānādeśasamāgata

nānādeśasamāgata - assembled from various countries

Compound containing a past passive participle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānā+deśa+samāgata)

• nānā – various, diverse
  indeclinable
• deśa – country, region, place
  noun (masculine)
• samāgata – assembled, arrived, gathered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go), prefixed by sam-ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `pārthivāḥ`.