महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-31

परेण सह संयुक्तः प्रमत्तो विमुखस्तथा ।
क्षीणशस्त्रो विवर्मा च न हन्तव्यः कथंचन ॥३१॥

31. pareṇa saha saṁyuktaḥ pramatto vimukhastathā ,
kṣīṇaśastro vivarmā ca na hantavyaḥ kathaṁcana.

31. pareṇa saha saṃyuktaḥ pramattaḥ vimukhaḥ tathā
kṣīṇaśastraḥ vivarmā ca na hantavyaḥ kathaṃcana

31. pareṇa saha saṃyuktaḥ pramattaḥ vimukhaḥ tathā
kṣīṇaśastraḥ vivarmā ca kathaṃcana na hantavyaḥ

31. One who is engaged in combat with another, or is heedless, or has turned away, or whose weapon is exhausted, or who is without armor, should never be attacked.

Words meanings summery:

• परेण (pareṇa) - by another, by an enemy

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - engaged in combat (joined, engaged (in combat), connected)

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - heedless, careless, intoxicated, unmindful

• विमुखः (vimukhaḥ) - fleeing or having turned away (with face averted, fleeing, turned away, indifferent)

• तथा (tathā) - and so, likewise, thus

• क्षीणशस्त्रः (kṣīṇaśastraḥ) - one whose weapon is exhausted/broken, weaponless

• विवर्मा (vivarmā) - without armor, armorless

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, nor

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be struck, should be killed, should be attacked

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances, never

Words meanings and morphology

परेण (pareṇa) - by another, by an enemy

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - engaged in combat (joined, engaged (in combat), connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, united, connected, engaged, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'he' or 'person'.

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - heedless, careless, intoxicated, unmindful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, heedless, intoxicated, unmindful, negligent

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mad' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

विमुखः (vimukhaḥ) - fleeing or having turned away (with face averted, fleeing, turned away, indifferent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - facing away, averted face, turned back, fleeing, hostile

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – away, apart, without, reverse
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - and so, likewise, thus

(indeclinable)

क्षीणशस्त्रः (kṣīṇaśastraḥ) - one whose weapon is exhausted/broken, weaponless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇaśastra

kṣīṇaśastra - one whose weapons are exhausted, weaponless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+śastra)

• kṣīṇa – exhausted, wasted, diminished, broken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṣi'.
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• śastra – weapon, arm, sword
  noun (neuter)

विवर्मा (vivarmā) - without armor, armorless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarman

vivarman - without armor, armorless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+varman)

• vi – without
  indeclinable
• varman – armor, mail, coat of mail
  noun (neuter)

Note: Declension of 'varman' (n-stem).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be struck, should be killed, should be attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, to be struck, to be attacked, worthy of being killed

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'han' with suffix '-tavya'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., 'he').

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances, never

(indeclinable)