महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-2

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
यथा युयुधिरे वीराः कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः ।
कुरुक्षेत्रे तपःक्षेत्रे शृणु तत्पृथिवीपते ॥२॥

2. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yathā yuyudhire vīrāḥ kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ ,
kurukṣetre tapaḥkṣetre śṛṇu tatpṛthivīpate.

2. vaiśampāyana uvāca yathā yuyudhire vīrāḥ kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ
kurukṣetre tapaḥkṣetre śṛṇu tat pṛthivīpate

2. pṛthivīpate vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca yathā kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ
vīrāḥ tapaḥkṣetre kurukṣetre yuyudhire tat śṛṇu

2. Vaiśampāyana said: O King, hear how the heroes, the Kuru-Pāṇḍavas and the Somakas, fought in Kurukṣetra, the field of spiritual practice (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, related

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

• युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought, they battled

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors

• कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः (kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ) - The main warring factions and their allies in the Mahābhārata war. (the Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas (collectively))

• कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - A sacred battlefield mentioned in the Mahābhārata. (in Kurukṣetra, on the field of the Kurus)

• तपःक्षेत्रे (tapaḥkṣetre) - Kurukṣetra is described as a holy place suitable for spiritual practices (tapas). (in the field of austerities, in the sacred ground of spiritual practice)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the account of how they fought. (that, that (story/account))

• पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O ruler of the earth, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a celebrated sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, related

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect form of √vac (to speak). Irregular formation. 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

युयुधिरे (yuyudhire) - they fought, they battled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of yudh

Perfect Middle

Perfect form of √yudh (to fight). 3rd person plural.

Root: yudh (class 4)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior, champion

कुरुपाण्डवसोमकाः (kurupāṇḍavasomakāḥ) - The main warring factions and their allies in the Mahābhārata war. (the Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas (collectively))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurupāṇḍavasomaka

kurupāṇḍavasomaka - the Kurus, Pāṇḍavas, and Somakas (a collective term for these groups)

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+pāṇḍava+somaka)

• kuru – a member of the Kuru dynasty/tribe
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – a descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Pāṇḍu (पण्डु) + aṇ (अण्) suffix indicating 'descendant of'.
• somaka – a king of the Somaka dynasty, or a member of the Somaka tribe
  proper noun (masculine)

कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - A sacred battlefield mentioned in the Mahābhārata. (in Kurukṣetra, on the field of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kurukṣetra

kurukṣetra - field of the Kurus, a holy plain in India, setting of the Mahābhārata war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+kṣetra)

• kuru – name of a legendary king or dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣetra – field, ground, place, region, holy place
  noun (neuter)

तपःक्षेत्रे (tapaḥkṣetre) - Kurukṣetra is described as a holy place suitable for spiritual practices (tapas). (in the field of austerities, in the sacred ground of spiritual practice)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+kṣetra)

• tapas – heat, warmth, pain, suffering, self-mortification, asceticism, austerity, spiritual practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• kṣetra – field, ground, place, region
  noun (neuter)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of śru

Imperative Active

Imperative form of √śru (to hear). 2nd person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the account of how they fought. (that, that (story/account))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O ruler of the earth, O king)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, owner, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)