महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-13

दृष्ट्वा ध्वजाग्रं पार्थानां धार्तराष्ट्रो महामनाः ।
सह सर्वैर्महीपालैः प्रत्यव्यूहत पाण्डवान् ॥१३॥

13. dṛṣṭvā dhvajāgraṁ pārthānāṁ dhārtarāṣṭro mahāmanāḥ ,
saha sarvairmahīpālaiḥ pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavān.

13. dṛṣṭvā dhvajāgram pārthānām dhārtarāṣṭraḥ mahāmanāḥ
saha sarvaiḥ mahīpālaiḥ pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavān

13. mahāmanāḥ dhārtarāṣṭraḥ pārthānām dhvajāgram dṛṣṭvā,
sarvaiḥ mahīpālaiḥ saha pāṇḍavān pratyavyūhata.

13. The great-minded Dhritarashtra's son (Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), having seen the Pandavas' (pārthānām) banner-tops (dhvajāgram), then arrayed his forces along with all the kings (mahīpālaiḥ) against the Pandavas (pāṇḍavān).

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - banner-top, flag-staff tip

• पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the sons of Pritha, of the Pandavas

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-minded

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, with all

• महीपालैः (mahīpālaiḥ) - by the kings, with the protectors of the earth

• प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he arrayed (his forces) against, he arranged in opposition

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś 'to see' with tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial participle.

ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - banner-top, flag-staff tip

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - top of a banner, banner-top

from dhvaja 'banner' + agra 'top, front'

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, tip, front, chief
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the sons of Pritha, of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), a name for the Pandavas

from pṛthā (Kunti) + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Possessive, refers to the Pandavas.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Refers to Duryodhana. (son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhritarashtra

from dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of king) + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhritarashtra.

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-minded, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - great-minded, noble, magnanimous

from mahā 'great' + manas 'mind'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, spirit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭraḥ'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all, with all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'mahīpālaiḥ' and is governed by 'saha'.

महीपालैः (mahīpālaiḥ) - by the kings, with the protectors of the earth

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

from mahī 'earth' + pāla 'protector'

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from root pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he arrayed (his forces) against, he arranged in opposition

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of pratyavyūh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: From the root ūh with prefixes prati and vi. The 'a' indicates augment for aorist.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

from paṇḍu (name of king) + a (patronymic suffix)

Note: Object of 'pratyavyūhata'.