महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-1, verse-12

अभिज्ञानानि सर्वेषां संज्ञाश्चाभरणानि च ।
योजयामास कौरव्यो युद्धकाल उपस्थिते ॥१२॥

12. abhijñānāni sarveṣāṁ saṁjñāścābharaṇāni ca ,
yojayāmāsa kauravyo yuddhakāla upasthite.

12. abhijñānāni sarveṣām saṃjñāḥ ca ābharaṇāni
ca yojayāmāsa kauravyaḥ yuddhakāle upasthite

12. yuddhakāle upasthite kauravyaḥ sarveṣām
abhijñānāni ca saṃjñāḥ ca ābharaṇāni yojayāmāsa

12. The descendant of Kuru (kauravyaḥ), Yudhishthira, assigned various recognition marks (abhijñānāni), distinguishing signs (saṃjñāḥ), and ornaments (ābharaṇāni) to all (his warriors) when the time of war (yuddhakāle) had arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• अभिज्ञानानि (abhijñānāni) - recognition marks, distinguishing signs

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all, for all

• संज्ञाः (saṁjñāḥ) - signs, designations

• च (ca) - and, also

• आभरणानि (ābharaṇāni) - ornaments, decorations

• च (ca) - and, also

• योजयामास (yojayāmāsa) - he caused to be joined, he assigned, he equipped

• कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (the Kuru, descendant of Kuru)

• युद्धकाले (yuddhakāle) - at the time of war

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, present, imminent

Words meanings and morphology

अभिज्ञानानि (abhijñānāni) - recognition marks, distinguishing signs

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of abhijñāna

abhijñāna - recognition, distinguishing mark, sign, token

from abhi (prefix 'towards') + jñā 'to know'

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'yojayāmāsa'.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all, for all

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to the warriors.

संज्ञाः (saṁjñāḥ) - signs, designations

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - sign, token, designation, name, recognition mark

from sam (prefix 'together') + jñā 'to know'

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'yojayāmāsa'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आभरणानि (ābharaṇāni) - ornaments, decorations

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ābharaṇa

ābharaṇa - ornament, decoration, jewel

from ā (prefix) + bhṛ (root 'to bear, carry') + ana (suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'yojayāmāsa'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

योजयामास (yojayāmāsa) - he caused to be joined, he assigned, he equipped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yojayāmāsa

Causative perfect

periphrastic perfect of the causative form yuj (yojayati)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: From the periphrastic perfect formation 'āmāsa' with causative verb stem.

कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira. (the Kuru, descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru race

from kuru (name of ancestor) + vya (patronymic suffix)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira, as the Pandavas are also Kurus.

युद्धकाले (yuddhakāle) - at the time of war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yuddhakāla

yuddhakāla - time of war, wartime

from yuddha 'battle' + kāla 'time'

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+kāla)

• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yudh 'to fight'
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the time when the action occurred.

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, present, imminent

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - standing near, present, arrived, imminent

Past Passive Participle

from upa (prefix 'near') + sthā (root 'to stand')

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhakāle'. Forms a locative absolute construction.