महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-8

तमःसंवृतमप्यासीत्सर्वं जगदिदं तदा ।
न दिशो नादिशो राजन्प्रज्ञायन्ते स्म रेणुना ॥८॥

8. tamaḥsaṁvṛtamapyāsītsarvaṁ jagadidaṁ tadā ,
na diśo nādiśo rājanprajñāyante sma reṇunā.

8. tamaḥsaṃvṛtam api āsīt sarvam jagat idam tadā
na diśaḥ na adiśaḥ rājan prajñāyante sma reṇunā

8. At that time, this entire world was covered in darkness. O King, neither the main directions nor the intermediate directions could be discerned due to the dust.

Words meanings summery:

• तमःसंवृतम् (tamaḥsaṁvṛtam) - covered with darkness, enveloped in gloom

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• न (na) - not, nor

• अदिशः (adiśaḥ) - intermediate directions

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• प्रज्ञायन्ते (prajñāyante) - are discerned, are recognized, are perceived

• स्म (sma) - past tense indicator (with present verb)

• रेणुना (reṇunā) - by dust, with dust

Words meanings and morphology

तमःसंवृतम् (tamaḥsaṁvṛtam) - covered with darkness, enveloped in gloom

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamaḥsaṃvṛta

tamaḥsaṁvṛta - covered with darkness, enveloped in gloom

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from `tamas` (darkness) and `saṃvṛta` (covered, from `saṃ-vṛ` to cover)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+saṃvṛta)

• tamas – darkness, gloom, ignorance
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, veiled, concealed, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root `vṛ` (to cover) with prefix `sam-`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, people, moving, sentient

Present Active Participle

from root `gam` (to go) with reduplication, used as a noun

Root: gam (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from the pronominal stem `tad`

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

`ś`-stem noun

Root: diś (class 6)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अदिशः (adiśaḥ) - intermediate directions

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of adiś

adiś - intermediate direction, corner direction

Compound of `a-` (not) and `diś` (direction), referring to intermediate directions

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+diś)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• diś – direction, quarter of the sky, region
  noun (feminine)
  `ś`-stem noun
  Root: diś (class 6)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

`n`-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रज्ञायन्ते (prajñāyante) - are discerned, are recognized, are perceived

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of pra-jñā

From root `jñā` (to know) with prefix `pra-`

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

स्म (sma) - past tense indicator (with present verb)

(indeclinable)

रेणुना (reṇunā) - by dust, with dust

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of reṇu

reṇu - dust, pollen, fine particles

`u`-stem noun