महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-6

प्रत्यगूहुर्महानद्यः प्राङ्मुखाः सिन्धुसत्तमाः ।
विपरीता दिशः सर्वा न प्राज्ञायत किंचन ॥६॥

6. pratyagūhurmahānadyaḥ prāṅmukhāḥ sindhusattamāḥ ,
viparītā diśaḥ sarvā na prājñāyata kiṁcana.

6. pratyagūhuḥ mahānadyaḥ prāṅmukhāḥ sindhusattamāḥ
viparītāḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ na prājñāyata kiṃcana

6. The great rivers, indeed the best of rivers, which normally flow eastward, flowed backwards. All directions became inverted, and nothing at all could be discerned.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यगूहुः (pratyagūhuḥ) - (the rivers) flowed backwards. (flowed back, carried back, moved against)

• महानद्यः (mahānadyaḥ) - great rivers. (great rivers)

• प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - (which usually) face east or flow eastward. (facing east, eastward-flowing)

• सिन्धुसत्तमाः (sindhusattamāḥ) - the best of rivers. (best of rivers, finest of streams)

• विपरीताः (viparītāḥ) - (all) directions became reversed. (reversed, inverted, contrary)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - the directions. (directions, quarters of the sky)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (directions). (all, every)

• न (na) - not. (not, no)

• प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was discerned (passive voice). (was known, was discerned, was understood)

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything at all. (anything, something, whatever)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यगूहुः (pratyagūhuḥ) - (the rivers) flowed backwards. (flowed back, carried back, moved against)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

from prati- √vah (to carry); perfect active, 3rd plural

Prefix: prati

Root: vah (class 1)

महानद्यः (mahānadyaḥ) - great rivers. (great rivers)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahānadī

mahānadī - a great river

from mahā (great) + nadī (river)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+nadī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of `pratyagūhuḥ`.

प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - (which usually) face east or flow eastward. (facing east, eastward-flowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, eastward

from prāc (east) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prāc+mukha)

• prāc – east, eastern
  adjective (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, direction
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `mahānadyaḥ`.

सिन्धुसत्तमाः (sindhusattamāḥ) - the best of rivers. (best of rivers, finest of streams)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sindhusattama

sindhusattama - best of rivers/streams

from sindhu (river) + sattama (best, superlative of sat)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sindhu+sattama)

• sindhu – river, stream, ocean
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat' (good)

Note: Qualifies `mahānadyaḥ`.

विपरीताः (viparītāḥ) - (all) directions became reversed. (reversed, inverted, contrary)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of viparīta

viparīta - inverted, reversed, contrary, opposite

Past Passive Participle

from vi-pari- √i (to go); past passive participle

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `diśaḥ sarvāḥ`.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - the directions. (directions, quarters of the sky)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'became'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all (directions). (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies `diśaḥ`.

न (na) - not. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was discerned (passive voice). (was known, was discerned, was understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

from pra- √jñā (to know); imperfect passive, 3rd singular

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Nullifies the object `kiṃcana`.

किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything at all. (anything, something, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcana

kiṁcana - anything, something, whatever

from kim (what) + cana (indeed)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+cana)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
• cana – indeed, certainly, even, ever
  indeclinable

Note: The subject of `na prājñāyata` (nothing was discerned).