महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-10

प्रामथ्नाद्धास्तिनपुरं वातो दक्षिणपश्चिमः ।
आरुजन्गणशो वृक्षान्परुषो भीमनिस्वनः ॥१०॥

10. prāmathnāddhāstinapuraṁ vāto dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ ,
ārujangaṇaśo vṛkṣānparuṣo bhīmanisvanaḥ.

10. prāmathnāt dhāstinapuram vātaḥ dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ
ārujan gaṇaśaḥ vṛkṣān paruṣaḥ bhīmanisvanaḥ

10. A harsh, south-westerly wind, roaring terribly, violently shook Hastinapura, breaking down trees in multitudes.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रामथ्नात् (prāmathnāt) - shook violently, churned, tormented

• धास्तिनपुरम् (dhāstinapuram) - Hastinapura (the city)

• वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

• दक्षिणपश्चिमः (dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ) - south-westerly, from the south-west

• आरुजन् (ārujan) - breaking, tearing down, crushing

• गणशः (gaṇaśaḥ) - in groups, in masses, in multitudes

• वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

• परुषः (paruṣaḥ) - harsh, rough, violent, cruel

• भीमनिस्वनः (bhīmanisvanaḥ) - with a terrible sound, roaring terribly

Words meanings and morphology

प्रामथ्नात् (prāmathnāt) - shook violently, churned, tormented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of pra-manth

From root `manth` (to churn/agitate) with prefix `pra-`

Prefix: pra

Root: manth (class 9)

धास्तिनपुरम् (dhāstinapuram) - Hastinapura (the city)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhāstinapura

dhāstinapura - city of the Hastinas, Hastinapura (capital of the Kauravas)

Compound: `dhāstin` (from Hastin) + `pura` (city). Though commonly spelled `hāstinapura`, the Devanagari indicates `dhāstinapura`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhāstin+pura)

• dhāstin – belonging to the Hastis (elephants or a clan)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derivative of `hastin`
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)
  `a`-stem noun

वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, atmosphere

From root `vā` (to blow)

Root: vā (class 2)

दक्षिणपश्चिमः (dakṣiṇapaścimaḥ) - south-westerly, from the south-west

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇapaścima

dakṣiṇapaścima - south-west, south-western

Compound of `dakṣiṇa` (south) and `paścima` (west)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dakṣiṇa+paścima)

• dakṣiṇa – south, right, clever, capable
  adjective (masculine)
  `a`-stem adjective
• paścima – west, western, hindmost
  adjective (masculine)
  `a`-stem adjective

Note: Qualifies `vātaḥ`.

आरुजन् (ārujan) - breaking, tearing down, crushing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ā-ruj

ā-ruj - to break, to tear, to crush, to smash

Present Active Participle

From root `ruj` (to break) with prefix `ā-`

Prefix: ā

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the wind.

गणशः (gaṇaśaḥ) - in groups, in masses, in multitudes

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from `gaṇa` (group) with the suffix `-śas`

वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree, plant

`a`-stem noun

Root: vṛkṣ

Note: Object of `ārujan`.

परुषः (paruṣaḥ) - harsh, rough, violent, cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - rough, harsh, violent, cruel, severe

`a`-stem adjective

Note: Qualifies `vātaḥ`.

भीमनिस्वनः (bhīmanisvanaḥ) - with a terrible sound, roaring terribly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmanisvana

bhīmanisvana - having a terrible roar/sound

Compound of `bhīma` (terrible) and `nisvana` (sound/roar)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīma+nisvana)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `bhī` (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix `ni-` and root `svan` (to sound)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `vātaḥ`.