महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-82, verse-18

उपप्लव्यादथायान्तं जनाः पुरनिवासिनः ।
पथ्यतिष्ठन्त सहिता विष्वक्सेनदिदृक्षया ॥१८॥

18. upaplavyādathāyāntaṁ janāḥ puranivāsinaḥ ,
pathyatiṣṭhanta sahitā viṣvaksenadidṛkṣayā.

18. upaplavyāt atha āyāntam janāḥ puranivāsinaḥ
pathi atiṣṭhanta sahitāḥ viṣvakṣenadīdṛkṣayā

18. Then, the city-dwelling people, assembled together, stood on the road, eager to see Viṣvaksena (Kṛṣṇa) as he arrived from Upaplavya.

Words meanings summery:

• उपप्लव्यात् (upaplavyāt) - from the city of Upaplavya (from Upaplavya)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming, arriving

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• पुरनिवासिनः (puranivāsinaḥ) - city-dwellers, inhabitants of the city

• पथि (pathi) - on the road, in the path

• अतिष्ठन्त (atiṣṭhanta) - they stood

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - together, assembled, accompanied

• विष्वक्षेनदीदृक्षया (viṣvakṣenadīdṛkṣayā) - with the desire to see Viṣvaksena (Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

उपप्लव्यात् (upaplavyāt) - from the city of Upaplavya (from Upaplavya)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of upaplavya

upaplavya - Name of a city/town, specifically where the Pāṇḍavas resided during their exile before the Mahābhārata war.

Note: Indicates the origin of arrival.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a sequence of events.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming, arriving

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √i (to go) with the upasarga ā (towards). Formed with the suffix -ant. In the masculine singular accusative, it becomes āyāntam.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied subject, Kṛṣṇa.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb 'atiṣṭhanta'.

पुरनिवासिनः (puranivāsinaḥ) - city-dwellers, inhabitants of the city

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puranivāsin

puranivāsin - city-dweller, inhabitant of a city

Tatpurusha compound: pura (city) + nivāsin (inhabitant). Nivāsin is derived from the root √vas (to dwell) with upasarga ni and suffix -in.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pura+nivāsin)

• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• nivāsin – residing, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from the root √vas (to dwell) with upasarga ni and suffix -in, indicating one who dwells.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'janāḥ'.

पथि (pathi) - on the road, in the path

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - road, path, way

Irregular noun stem.

Note: Indicates the location where the people stood.

अतिष्ठन्त (atiṣṭhanta) - they stood

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √sthā

Imperfect, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice, Parasmaipada

Imperfect tense, derived from the root √sthā (to stand), with the augment 'a' and plural ending. Present stem tiṣṭha-.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - together, assembled, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united, together

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √dhā (to place) with upasarga sa (with) and -ita suffix. Often used as an adjective meaning 'accompanied' or 'together'.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'janāḥ'.

विष्वक्षेनदीदृक्षया (viṣvakṣenadīdṛkṣayā) - with the desire to see Viṣvaksena (Kṛṣṇa)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of viṣvakṣenadīdṛkṣā

viṣvakṣenadīdṛkṣā - desire to see Viṣvaksena

Tatpurusha compound: viṣvaksena (proper name) + dīdṛkṣā (desire to see). Dīdṛkṣā is a desiderative nominalization from the root √dṛś (to see).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (viṣvaksena+dīdṛkṣā)

• viṣvaksena – Viṣvaksena (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa/Viṣṇu, meaning 'he whose armies are everywhere')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: viṣvak (everywhere) + senā (army).
• dīdṛkṣā – desire to see
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative nominalization
  Derived from the desiderative stem of the root √dṛś (to see), with the feminine suffix -ā.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the purpose or cause for their action.