महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-62, verse-13

विदुर उवाच ।
तौ विवादमनुप्राप्तौ शकुनौ मृत्युसंधितौ ।
विगृह्य च सुदुर्बुद्धी पृथिव्यां संनिपेततुः ॥१३॥

13. vidura uvāca ,
tau vivādamanuprāptau śakunau mṛtyusaṁdhitau ,
vigṛhya ca sudurbuddhī pṛthivyāṁ saṁnipetatuḥ.

13. viduraḥ uvāca tau vivādam anuprāptau śakunau mṛtyusandhitau
vigṛhya ca sudurbuddhī pṛthivyām saṃnipetatuḥ

13. Vidura said, 'Those two birds, bound by death, fell into a dispute. And those two exceedingly foolish ones, having fought, plummeted to the earth.'

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (Vidura (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

• तौ (tau) - those two (birds) (those two)

• विवादम् (vivādam) - a dispute, a quarrel (dispute, quarrel, controversy)

• अनुप्राप्तौ (anuprāptau) - having fallen into (a dispute) (having reached, attained, fallen into)

• शकुनौ (śakunau) - two birds

• मृत्युसन्धितौ (mṛtyusandhitau) - two bound by death, ensnared by death (two bound by death, two joined to death)

• विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - having fought (having seized, having contended, having fought)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुदुर्बुद्धी (sudurbuddhī) - those two exceedingly foolish ones (two very foolish, two of very bad intellect)

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - onto the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

• संनिपेततुः (saṁnipetatuḥ) - they both plummeted to the earth (they both fell down, alighted)

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (Vidura (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a wise character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

तौ (tau) - those two (birds) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the two birds

विवादम् (vivādam) - a dispute, a quarrel (dispute, quarrel, controversy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivāda

vivāda - dispute, quarrel, controversy, litigation

From vi + vad (to speak, dispute).

Prefix: vi

Root: vad (class 1)

अनुप्राप्तौ (anuprāptau) - having fallen into (a dispute) (having reached, attained, fallen into)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - reached, attained, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix anu + pra + root āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjectival use

शकुनौ (śakunau) - two birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śakuni

śakuni - bird, omen-bird

Note: Subject of saṃnipetatuḥ (along with tau)

मृत्युसन्धितौ (mṛtyusandhitau) - two bound by death, ensnared by death (two bound by death, two joined to death)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mṛtyusandhita

mṛtyusandhita - bound by death, joined to death

Past Passive Participle (sandhita)

Compound of mṛtyu (death) and sandhita (joined, bound).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛtyu+sandhita)

• mṛtyu – death, mortality
  noun (masculine)
• sandhita – joined, united, bound, placed
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix sam + root dhā (to place, put) + kta suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjectival use.

विगृह्य (vigṛhya) - having fought (having seized, having contended, having fought)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From prefix vi + root grah (to seize, grasp) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Precedes the main verb.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Post-positional conjunction.

सुदुर्बुद्धी (sudurbuddhī) - those two exceedingly foolish ones (two very foolish, two of very bad intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sudurbuddhi

sudurbuddhi - very foolish, extremely stupid, of very bad intellect

Compound of su- (intensifier) + dur- (bad) + buddhi (intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+dur+buddhi)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification
• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix for negation or difficulty
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies tau śakunau

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - onto the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Note: Indicates place where they fell.

संनिपेततुः (saṁnipetatuḥ) - they both plummeted to the earth (they both fell down, alighted)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of saṃnipet

Reduplicated past (lit)

From prefixes sam + ni + root pat (to fall). Reduplicated aorist form (Luṅ/Liṭ for past). tuḥ is the dual ending for perfect (Liṭ).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is tau śakunau