महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-60, verse-24

न ह्यहं श्लाघनो राजन्भूतपूर्वः कदाचन ।
असदाचरितं ह्येतद्यदात्मानं प्रशंसति ॥२४॥

24. na hyahaṁ ślāghano rājanbhūtapūrvaḥ kadācana ,
asadācaritaṁ hyetadyadātmānaṁ praśaṁsati.

24. na hi aham ślāghanaḥ rājan bhūtapūrvaḥ kadācana
asat ācaritam hi etat yat ātmānam praśaṃsati

24. Indeed, O king (rājan), I have never before been one to praise myself. For it is considered improper conduct (asadācaritam) when one praises their own self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अहम् (aham) - I

• श्लाघनः (ślāghanaḥ) - boastful, given to self-praise

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• भूतपूर्वः (bhūtapūrvaḥ) - who was before, existed previously

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

• असत् (asat) - bad, improper, evil, non-existent

• आचरितम् (ācaritam) - conduct, behavior, deed

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एतत् (etat) - this

• यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self, the soul

• प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - praises, extols

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

श्लाघनः (ślāghanaḥ) - boastful, given to self-praise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ślāghana

ślāghana - boasting, praising oneself, boastful, laudable

Agent noun/adjective

Derived from the root 'ślāgh' (to praise, boast) with the suffix '-ana'.

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भूतपूर्वः (bhūtapūrvaḥ) - who was before, existed previously

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtapūrva

bhūtapūrva - that which was before, happened previously, former, past

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pūrva)

• bhūta – been, become, past, existed, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of the root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pūrva – former, prior, preceding, earlier
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'aham'.

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

असत् (asat) - bad, improper, evil, non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - not good, bad, improper, dishonest, non-existent

Negative particle 'a-' combined with root 'as' (to be), here used adjectivally.

Root: as (class 2)

आचरितम् (ācaritam) - conduct, behavior, deed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ācarita

ācarita - practiced, observed, performed; (as noun) conduct, behavior, usage

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'car' (to move, behave) with the preverb 'ā'. Used here as a noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asat+ācarita)

• asat – not good, bad, improper, dishonest
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• ācarita – conduct, behavior
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of the root 'car' (to move, behave) with the preverb 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which, who

Note: Refers to the act of praising oneself.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self, the soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego

प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - praises, extols

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'śaṃs' (class 1, parasmāipada) with preverb 'pra' in the present tense (laṭ), 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)