महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-30

केशवस्य वचः श्रुत्वा किरीटी श्वेतवाहनः ।
अर्जुनस्तन्महद्वाक्यमब्रवील्लोमहर्षणम् ॥३०॥

30. keśavasya vacaḥ śrutvā kirīṭī śvetavāhanaḥ ,
arjunastanmahadvākyamabravīllomaharṣaṇam.

30. keśavasya vacaḥ śrutvā kirīṭī śvetavāhanaḥ
arjunaḥ tat mahat vākyam abravīt lomaharṣaṇam

30. Having heard the words of Keśava (Kṛṣṇa), Arjuna, the crowned one (kirīṭī) and he whose vehicle is white (śvetavāhana), then uttered that great, hair-raising statement.

Words meanings summery:

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Kṛṣṇa (of Keśava)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• किरीटी (kirīṭī) - Arjuna (who received a divine diadem) (crowned one)

• श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna (whose horses are white) (one with a white vehicle)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name)

• तत् (tat) - that

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, sentence

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, uttered

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling

Words meanings and morphology

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Kṛṣṇa (of Keśava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair, slayer of the demon Keśī, epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, voice

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √śru (to hear) + suffix tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

किरीटी (kirīṭī) - Arjuna (who received a divine diadem) (crowned one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem, epithet of Arjuna

Derived from 'kirīṭa' (diadem, crown) + suffix 'in'.

Note: An epithet of Arjuna.

श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - Arjuna (whose horses are white) (one with a white vehicle)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetavāhana

śvetavāhana - having white vehicles (horses), epithet of Arjuna

Compound of 'śveta' (white) and 'vāhana' (vehicle, steed).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śveta+vāhana)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective (masculine)
• vāhana – vehicle, steed, bearer
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √vah (to carry).
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: An epithet of Arjuna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, Arjuna (name of a hero)

Note: Sandhi 'arjunaḥ tat' becomes 'arjunastat'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'. Sandhi 'tat mahat' becomes 'tan mahat'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Derived from √mah (to grow, be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - statement, speech, sentence, word

From 'vac' (speech) + suffix 'ya'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, uttered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root √brū (to speak, say).

Root: brū (class 2)

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Gerundive/causal noun

Compound of 'loman' (hair) + 'harṣaṇa' (causing excitement/raising).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, body hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy/excitement, thrilling, stimulating
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Causal agent noun/adjective from √hṛṣ (to be excited).
  Derived from causal stem 'harṣaya' + suffix 'ana'.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)