महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-23

मद्द्वितीयं पुनः पार्थं कः प्रार्थयितुमिच्छति ।
यो न कालपरीतो वाप्यपि साक्षात्पुरंदरः ॥२३॥

23. maddvitīyaṁ punaḥ pārthaṁ kaḥ prārthayitumicchati ,
yo na kālaparīto vāpyapi sākṣātpuraṁdaraḥ.

23. mad-dvitīyam punaḥ pārtham kaḥ prārthayitum icchati
yaḥ na kāla-parītaḥ vā api api sākṣāt purandaraḥ

23. Who would desire to challenge Arjuna (pārtha), my constant companion, unless that person is not subject to the influence of time (kāla) or is none other than Indra himself?

Words meanings summery:

• मद्-द्वितीयम् (mad-dvitīyam) - having me as a second, my companion

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to request, to desire, to challenge

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not

• काल-परीतः (kāla-parītaḥ) - overcome by time, afflicted by death

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, personally, in person

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

Words meanings and morphology

मद्-द्वितीयम् (mad-dvitīyam) - having me as a second, my companion

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mat-dvitīya

mat-dvitīya - having me as a second, my companion

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mat+dvitīya)

• mat – me, I
  pronoun
  From 'aham'
• dvitīya – second
  adjective
  Ordinal numeral from 'dvi'

Note: Refers to Pārtha (Arjuna).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Derivative of Pṛthā

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to request, to desire, to challenge

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From √arth with pra- prefix, causative form (prārthayati)

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Infinitive form of the verb.

इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present active

Root: iṣ (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'kaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

काल-परीतः (kāla-parītaḥ) - overcome by time, afflicted by death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla-parīta

kāla-parīta - overcome by time, afflicted by death

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+parīta)

• kāla – time, death
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √i (to go) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Disjunctive conjunction.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic particle here.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, personally, in person

(indeclinable)

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - Indra (lit. 'destroyer of cities')

Compound epithet of Indra

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pura+dar)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dar – one who splits/tears/destroys
  noun
  agent noun
  From √dṛ (to tear, split)
  Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Epithet of Indra.