महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-16

वाचं स वदतां श्रेष्ठो ह्लादिनीं वचनक्षमाम् ।
त्रासनीं धार्तराष्ट्राणां मृदुपूर्वां सुदारुणाम् ॥१६॥

16. vācaṁ sa vadatāṁ śreṣṭho hlādinīṁ vacanakṣamām ,
trāsanīṁ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ mṛdupūrvāṁ sudāruṇām.

16. vācam sa vadataṃ śreṣṭhaḥ hlādinīm vacanakṣamām
trāsanīm dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām mṛdupūrvām sudāruṇām

16. He, the best of speakers, uttered a delightful and well-articulated speech, which would be terrifying to the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, gentle in its beginning but exceedingly harsh in its essence.

Words meanings summery:

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word, voice

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

• वदतं (vadataṁ) - of speakers, of those speaking

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, excellent, supreme

• ह्लादिनीम् (hlādinīm) - delightful, pleasing, gladdening

• वचनक्षमाम् (vacanakṣamām) - appropriate for speech, well-articulated

• त्रासनीम् (trāsanīm) - frightening, terrifying

• धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the sons of Dhritarashtra

• मृदुपूर्वाम् (mṛdupūrvām) - mild at first, gentle in its beginning

• सुदारुणाम् (sudāruṇām) - very harsh, exceedingly severe

Words meanings and morphology

वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word, voice

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

स (sa) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वदतं (vadataṁ) - of speakers, of those speaking

(noun)

Genitive, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker, one who speaks

Present Active Participle

From root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme, chief

ह्लादिनीम् (hlādinīm) - delightful, pleasing, gladdening

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hlādinī

hlādinī - gladdening, delightful, refreshing, exhilarating

Feminine form of hlādin, from root hlād

Root: hlād (class 1)

वचनक्षमाम् (vacanakṣamām) - appropriate for speech, well-articulated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vacanakṣamā

vacanakṣamā - suitable for speech, eloquent, clear in speech

Compound type : tatpurusha (vacana+kṣamā)

• vacana – speech, word, saying
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kṣamā – capable, fit, suitable; patience, endurance
  adjective (feminine)
  From root kṣam
  Root: kṣam (class 1)

त्रासनीम् (trāsanīm) - frightening, terrifying

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of trāsanī

trāsanī - terrifying, causing fear, alarming

Feminine form of trāsana, from root trās

Root: trās (class 1)

धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām) - of the sons of Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra; a Kuru prince

मृदुपूर्वाम् (mṛdupūrvām) - mild at first, gentle in its beginning

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛdupūrvā

mṛdupūrvā - preceded by gentleness; gentle at first

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mṛdu+pūrvā)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild, tender
  adjective
• pūrvā – former, prior, earlier, first
  adjective (feminine)

सुदारुणाम् (sudāruṇām) - very harsh, exceedingly severe

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudāruṇā

sudāruṇā - very harsh, exceedingly terrible, extremely severe

Compound type : pra-samāsa (su+dāruṇā)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇā – harsh, terrible, severe, dreadful
  adjective (feminine)