महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-29

संजय उवाच ।
इत्यब्रवीद्धृषीकेशः पार्थमुद्धर्षयन्गिरा ।
गर्जन्समयवर्षीव गगने पाकशासनः ॥२९॥

29. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ityabravīddhṛṣīkeśaḥ pārthamuddharṣayangirā ,
garjansamayavarṣīva gagane pākaśāsanaḥ.

29. saṃjaya uvāca iti abravīt hṛṣīkeśaḥ pārtham uddharṣayan
girā garjan samayavarṣī iva gagane pākaśāsanaḥ

29. Saṃjaya said: Thus spoke Hṛṣīkeśa (Kṛṣṇa) to Arjuna (pārtha), encouraging him with words, thundering like Indra (pākaśāsana) causing seasonal rain in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Hṛṣīkeśa (epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha)

• उद्धर्षयन् (uddharṣayan) - gladdening, encouraging, exhilarating

• गिरा (girā) - with words, by speech

• गर्जन् (garjan) - thundering, roaring

• समयवर्षी (samayavarṣī) - like the seasonal rain-giver (Indra or a cloud) (rain-giver at the proper time, cloud)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• गगने (gagane) - in the sky

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (punisher of Pāka (Indra))

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root √brū (to speak, say).

Root: brū (class 2)

हृषीकेशः (hṛṣīkeśaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Hṛṣīkeśa (epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - Master of the senses (hṛṣīka + īśa), an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Compound of 'hṛṣīka' (sense) and 'īśa' (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense, organ of sense
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

उद्धर्षयन् (uddharṣayan) - gladdening, encouraging, exhilarating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddharṣayat

uddharṣayat - gladdening, encouraging, exhilarating

Present Active Participle

Derived from ud-√hṛṣ (to be excited, to gladden). Causal form harṣayati.

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Hṛṣīkeśa.

गिरा (girā) - with words, by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - word, speech, voice

From √gṛ (to call, to sound)

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Used to express the means 'by means of words'.

गर्जन् (garjan) - thundering, roaring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garjat

garjat - thundering, roaring, shouting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √garj (to roar, to thunder).

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Indra ('pākaśāsanaḥ').

समयवर्षी (samayavarṣī) - like the seasonal rain-giver (Indra or a cloud) (rain-giver at the proper time, cloud)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samayavarṣin

samayavarṣin - raining at the proper time, showering seasonally

Compound of 'samaya' (time, season) + 'varṣin' (raining).

Compound type : tatpurusha (samaya+varṣin)

• samaya – proper time, season, appointment, convention
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sam-√i (to come together, meet).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)
• varṣin – raining, showering, a showerer
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun (or adjective) from √vṛṣ (to rain)
  Derived from √vṛṣ (to rain) with suffix ṇin.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

गगने (gagane) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, ether

Literally 'that which goes in the sky' (ga-gaṇa).

Note: Refers to the location where Indra thunders.

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (punisher of Pāka (Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - controller/punisher of Pāka, epithet of Indra

Compound of 'pāka' (a demon) and 'śāsana' (ruler, punisher).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – immature, simple, or name of a demon
  noun/proper noun (masculine)
• śāsana – ruling, punishing, commanding, controller, ruler
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √śās (to command, rule, punish).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of comparison for Kṛṣṇa.