महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-58, verse-27

एकेन पाण्डुपुत्रेण विराटनगरे यदा ।
भग्नाः पलायन्त दिशः पर्याप्तं तन्निदर्शनम् ॥२७॥

27. ekena pāṇḍuputreṇa virāṭanagare yadā ,
bhagnāḥ palāyanta diśaḥ paryāptaṁ tannidarśanam.

27. ekena pāṇḍuputreṇa virāṭanagare yadā bhagnāḥ
palāyanta diśaḥ paryāptam tat nidarśanam

27. When, in the city of Virāṭa, the enemies were shattered and fled in all directions by just one son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna), that incident itself serves as a sufficient example.

Words meanings summery:

• एकेन (ekena) - by one

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

• विराटनगरे (virāṭanagare) - in the city of Virāṭa

• यदा (yadā) - when

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, defeated, shattered

• पलायन्त (palāyanta) - they fled

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions)

• पर्याप्तम् (paryāptam) - sufficient, enough

• तत् (tat) - that incident (that)

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, demonstration

Words meanings and morphology

एकेन (ekena) - by one

(numeral/adjective)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

विराटनगरे (virāṭanagare) - in the city of Virāṭa

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of virāṭanagara

virāṭanagara - city of Virāṭa

Compound type : tatpurusha (virāṭa+nagara)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (name of a king/kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, defeated, shattered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, defeated, shattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the enemies (implied).

पलायन्त (palāyanta) - they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of palāya

Imperfect tense, Middle voice, 3rd person plural

Derived from parā-√i (to go away), variant palāyate

Prefix: parā

Root: i (class 2)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Used adverbially to indicate movement in all directions.

पर्याप्तम् (paryāptam) - sufficient, enough

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paryāpta

paryāpta - sufficient, enough, complete, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pari-√āp (to obtain, to reach)

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'nidarśanam'.

तत् (tat) - that incident (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the entire previous statement.

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - example, illustration, demonstration

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - example, illustration, demonstration, seeing

Derived from ni-√dṛś (to see, to show)

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for 'tat'.