महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-19, verse-4

य एव हेतुर्भवति पुरुषस्य जयावहः ।
पराजये च हेतुः स इति च प्रतिपालये ॥४॥

4. ya eva heturbhavati puruṣasya jayāvahaḥ ,
parājaye ca hetuḥ sa iti ca pratipālaye.

4. yaḥ eva hetuḥ bhavati puruṣasya jayāvahaḥ
parājaye ca hetuḥ saḥ iti ca pratipālaye

4. That very same factor which leads to a man's victory also becomes the cause of his defeat; understanding this, I await the outcome.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that (factor) (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

• एव (eva) - very same (indeed, just, only, very)

• हेतुः (hetuḥ) - factor (cause, reason, motive, factor)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (is, becomes, exists)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a man (of a man, of a person, of the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

• जयावहः (jayāvahaḥ) - leading to victory (bringing victory, victorious)

• पराजये (parājaye) - of his defeat (when understood with 'hetuḥ') (in defeat, concerning defeat)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause (cause, reason, factor)

• सः (saḥ) - that (factor) (that, he)

• इति (iti) - understanding this (thus, so, in this manner)

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रतिपालये (pratipālaye) - I await (the outcome) (I await, I guard, I protect)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that (factor) (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

एव (eva) - very same (indeed, just, only, very)

(indeclinable)

हेतुः (hetuḥ) - factor (cause, reason, motive, factor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means, condition

Root: hi (class 5)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of a man (of a man, of a person, of the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

जयावहः (jayāvahaḥ) - leading to victory (bringing victory, victorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayāvaha

jayāvaha - bringing victory, causing victory, victorious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+āvaha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root JI (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• āvaha – bringing, conveying, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root VAH (to carry) with prefix Ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Adjectival compound describing 'hetuḥ'.

पराजये (parājaye) - of his defeat (when understood with 'hetuḥ') (in defeat, concerning defeat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, vanquishing

From root JI (to conquer) with prefix PARĀ

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'in the context of defeat'.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause (cause, reason, factor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means, condition

Root: hi (class 5)

सः (saḥ) - that (factor) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'yaḥ hetuḥ'.

इति (iti) - understanding this (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as a thought or reason.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the understanding with the action of awaiting.

प्रतिपालये (pratipālaye) - I await (the outcome) (I await, I guard, I protect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratipāl

From root PĀL (to guard, to protect) with prefix PRATI, causative stem

Prefix: prati

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Ātmanepada verb form.