महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-19, verse-28

नाल्पं कृतं मया भीम देवानां किल्बिषं पुरा ।
अभाग्या यत्तु जीवामि मर्तव्ये सति पाण्डव ॥२८॥

28. nālpaṁ kṛtaṁ mayā bhīma devānāṁ kilbiṣaṁ purā ,
abhāgyā yattu jīvāmi martavye sati pāṇḍava.

28. na alpam kṛtam mayā bhīma devānām kilbiṣam purā
abhāgyā yat tu jīvāmi martavye sati pāṇḍava

28. O Bhima, I must have committed a great offense against the gods in the past, because I, being unfortunate, am still alive when I ought to die, O Pāṇḍava.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अल्पम् (alpam) - used with 'na' to mean 'much' or 'great' (little, small, insignificant)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• मया (mayā) - by me

• भीम (bhīma) - O Bhima

• देवानाम् (devānām) - indicating 'against' in the context of an offense (of the gods)

• किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - offense, sin, guilt

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, in the past

• अभाग्या (abhāgyā) - referring to Draupadi (unfortunate, unlucky)

• यत् (yat) - that, because, since

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I live

• मर्तव्ये (martavye) - when it is proper to die, though I ought to die

• सति (sati) - being, existing

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - addressing Bhimasena (O son of Pāṇḍu, O Pāṇḍava)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation.

अल्पम् (alpam) - used with 'na' to mean 'much' or 'great' (little, small, insignificant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, few

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'kilbiṣam'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Instrumental case, 'by me', agent of past passive participle 'kṛtam'.

भीम (bhīma) - O Bhima

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - formidable, terrible; also a proper name, Bhima

Note: Vocative singular addressing Bhimasena.

देवानाम् (devānām) - indicating 'against' in the context of an offense (of the gods)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - offense, sin, guilt

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa

kilbiṣa - sin, fault, offense, guilt

Note: Subject of the past passive participle construction.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, in the past

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अभाग्या (abhāgyā) - referring to Draupadi (unfortunate, unlucky)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhāgya

abhāgya - unfortunate, unlucky, destitute

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'bhāgya' (luck, fortune)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+bhāgya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• bhāgya – fortune, luck, destiny
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine singular nominative, refers to Draupadi.

यत् (yat) - that, because, since

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yat

yat - which, that, because, since

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a causal clause.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

जीवामि (jīvāmi) - I live

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 1st person singular active.

मर्तव्ये (martavye) - when it is proper to die, though I ought to die

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of martavya

martavya - to be died, fit to die, destined to die

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die), indicating obligation or suitability

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Locative singular neuter, used in the absolute construction 'martavye sati'.

सति (sati) - being, existing

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be, exist)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Locative singular neuter of the present active participle of 'as' (to be). Used in locative absolute construction with 'martavye'.

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - addressing Bhimasena (O son of Pāṇḍu, O Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Vocative singular addressing Bhimasena, son of Pāṇḍu.