महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-19, verse-21

यस्याः पुरःसरा आसन्पृष्ठतश्चानुगामिनः ।
साहमद्य सुदेष्णायाः पुरः पश्चाच्च गामिनी ।
इदं तु दुःखं कौन्तेय ममासह्यं निबोध तत् ॥२१॥

21. yasyāḥ puraḥsarā āsanpṛṣṭhataścānugāminaḥ ,
sāhamadya sudeṣṇāyāḥ puraḥ paścācca gāminī ,
idaṁ tu duḥkhaṁ kaunteya mamāsahyaṁ nibodha tat.

21. yasyāḥ puraḥsarāḥ āsan pṛṣṭhataḥ ca
anugāminaḥ sā aham adya sudeṣṇāyāḥ
puraḥ paścāt ca gāminī idam tu
duḥkham kaunteya mama asahyam nibodha tat

21. She for whom there were escorts in front and followers behind, I, that very person, now walk both in front and behind Sudeṣṇā. This sorrow, O son of Kuntī, is unbearable for me; understand that.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of which (feminine)

• पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - going in front, leaders, escorts

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, existed

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुगामिनः (anugāminaḥ) - followers, going after

• सा (sā) - I, that very one (she, that one)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• सुदेष्णायाः (sudeṣṇāyāḥ) - of Sudeṣṇā

• पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, after, from behind

• च (ca) - and, also

• गामिनी (gāminī) - going, following

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Arjuna or any of the Pāṇḍavas (O son of Kuntī)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, intolerable

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• तत् (tat) - that

Words meanings and morphology

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of which (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Feminine genitive singular

पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - going in front, leaders, escorts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, preceding, leader, vanguard

Agent noun/Adjective from root sṛ

From puraḥ (in front) + root sṛ (to go) with -a suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puraḥ+sara)

• puraḥ – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving, flowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root sṛ
  Derived from root sṛ 'to go' with -a suffix
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

आसन् (āsan) - they were, existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Past Imperfect Active Indicative

Root: as (class 2)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

(indeclinable)

Formed with -tas suffix from pṛṣṭha (back)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुगामिनः (anugāminaḥ) - followers, going after

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anugāmin

anugāmin - going after, following, a follower, attendant

Agent noun/Adjective from root gam

Derived from anu (after) + gam (to go) + -in suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+gāmin)

• anu – after, along, with
  indeclinable
• gāmin – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root gam
  Derived from root gam 'to go' with -in suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

सा (sā) - I, that very one (she, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Feminine nominative singular

Note: Refers to Draupadī, emphasizing 'I, that very one'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

सुदेष्णायाः (sudeṣṇāyāḥ) - of Sudeṣṇā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sudeṣṇā

sudeṣṇā - Sudeṣṇā (name of the queen of Virāṭa)

पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before

(indeclinable)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, after, from behind

(indeclinable)

Formed with -āt suffix

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गामिनी (gāminī) - going, following

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāmin

gāmin - going, moving, walking

Agent noun/Adjective from root gam

Derived from root gam 'to go' with -in suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'I am'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, suffering, sorrow, misery, difficulty

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Arjuna or any of the Pāṇḍavas (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Apatyārthe ḍhak pratyaya from Kuntī

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, intolerable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asahya

asahya - unbearable, intolerable, irresistible

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From na + sah (to endure) + -ya suffix (gerundive)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+sahya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• sahya – bearable, endurable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root sah 'to endure' with -ya suffix
  Root: sah (class 1)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Present Active Imperative

From ni (down, into) + budh (to know, awaken)

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Object of nibodha.