महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-19, verse-5

दत्त्वा याचन्ति पुरुषा हत्वा वध्यन्ति चापरे ।
पातयित्वा च पात्यन्ते परैरिति च मे श्रुतम् ॥५॥

5. dattvā yācanti puruṣā hatvā vadhyanti cāpare ,
pātayitvā ca pātyante parairiti ca me śrutam.

5. dattvā yācanti puruṣāḥ hatvā vadhyante ca apare
pātayitvā ca pātyante paraiḥ iti ca me śrutam

5. Men, having given, then beg; and others, having killed, are killed. Furthermore, having caused others to fall, they themselves are made to fall by others. This is what I have heard.

Words meanings summery:

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• याचन्ति (yācanti) - they beg, they ask for

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men (men, persons, supreme cosmic persons (puruṣa))

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

• वध्यन्ते (vadhyante) - they are killed, they are slain

• च (ca) - and (and, also, furthermore)

• अपरे (apare) - others (others, subsequent)

• पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down

• च (ca) - furthermore (and, also, furthermore)

• पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they are made to fall, they are thrown down

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies

• इति (iti) - this (principle) (thus, so, in this manner)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मे (me) - by me (in passive construction) (to me, by me, my)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - (has been) heard (heard, listened to)

Words meanings and morphology

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root DĀ (to give) with suffix -tvā

Root: dā (class 3)

याचन्ति (yācanti) - they beg, they ask for

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yāc

Root: yāc (class 1)

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men (men, persons, supreme cosmic persons (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'yācanti'.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root HAN (to strike, to kill) with suffix -tvā

Root: han (class 2)

वध्यन्ते (vadhyante) - they are killed, they are slain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of vadh

Passive form of root HAN (to kill), using the vadh-stem

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'apare'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अपरे (apare) - others (others, subsequent)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, subsequent

Note: Subject of 'vadhyante'.

पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From causative stem of root PAT (to fall) with suffix -tvā

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - furthermore (and, also, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the last clause.

पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they are made to fall, they are thrown down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of pāt

Passive form of causative stem of root PAT (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Implied subject (those who caused others to fall).

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others, by enemies

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, superior, supreme, enemy

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

इति (iti) - this (principle) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as something heard.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the phrase to 'me śrutam'.

मे (me) - by me (in passive construction) (to me, by me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form of 'aham', typically dative or genitive, but here serves as agent ('by me') with the passive participle 'śrutam'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - (has been) heard (heard, listened to)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (scripture)

Past Passive Participle

From root ŚRU (to hear) with suffix -ta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle, referring to the entire preceding statement.