महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-36, verse-8

यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् ।
अफलं तस्य जन्माहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥८॥

8. yo na yātayate vairamalpasattvodyamaḥ pumān ,
aphalaṁ tasya janmāhaṁ manye durjātajāyinaḥ.

8. yaḥ na yātayate vairam alpasattvodyamaḥ pumān
| aphalam tasya janma aham manye durjātajāyinaḥ

8. I consider the birth of that man (puruṣa) who does not put an end to hostilities, being of little courage and effort, to be fruitless, indeed, the birth of one born into a miserable state.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• न (na) - not, nor, no

• यातयते (yātayate) - puts an end to, avenges (hostilities) (causes to go, settles, avenges, puts an end to)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

• अल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः (alpasattvodyamaḥ) - having little courage and effort, weak-willed

• पुमान् (pumān) - man (puruṣa) (man, male, person)

• अफलम् (aphalam) - fruitless, useless, unproductive

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its

• जन्म (janma) - birth, existence, life

• अहम् (aham) - I

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• दुर्जातजायिनः (durjātajāyinaḥ) - of one born badly, of one born into a miserable state, ill-fated by birth

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, who, he who

न (na) - not, nor, no

(indeclinable)

यातयते (yātayate) - puts an end to, avenges (hostilities) (causes to go, settles, avenges, puts an end to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of yātaya

Causative verb

Causative stem from root yat (to endeavor, strive)

Root: yat (class 1)

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge, hatred

From vīra (hero) meaning 'enmity of a hero' or 'revenge'

अल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः (alpasattvodyamaḥ) - having little courage and effort, weak-willed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpasattvodyama

alpasattvodyama - one who has little courage and little effort

Bahuvrīhi compound: alpa (little) + sattva (courage) + udyama (effort)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+sattva+udyama)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• sattva – courage, strength, essence, existence, being
  noun (neuter)
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as
• udyama – effort, exertion, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  From root yam with prefix ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

पुमान् (pumān) - man (puruṣa) (man, male, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pum

pum - man, male, person, male being

अफलम् (aphalam) - fruitless, useless, unproductive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aphala

aphala - fruitless, unproductive, useless, without result

Negative compound 'a' + phala (fruit)

Compound type : nañtatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

तस्य (tasya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जन्म (janma) - birth, existence, life

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, production, origin, existence, life

From root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of man

Root verb, class 4

Root: man (class 4)

दुर्जातजायिनः (durjātajāyinaḥ) - of one born badly, of one born into a miserable state, ill-fated by birth

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durjātajāyin

durjātajāyin - one who is ill-born, born under unfavorable circumstances

Compound: durjāta (ill-born) + jāyin (born)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (durjāta+jāyin)

• durjāta – ill-born, badly produced, unfortunate
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix 'dur' (bad, difficult) + jāta (born, arisen - PPP of jan)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: jan (class 4)
• jāyin – one who is born, born of
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root jan (to be born) with suffix -in
  Root: jan (class 4)