महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-36, verse-21

कर्तव्ये पुरुषव्याघ्र किमास्से पीठसर्पवत् ।
बुद्ध्या वीर्येण संयुक्तः श्रुतेनाभिजनेन च ॥२१॥

21. kartavye puruṣavyāghra kimāsse pīṭhasarpavat ,
buddhyā vīryeṇa saṁyuktaḥ śrutenābhijanena ca.

21. kartavye puruṣavyāghra kim āsse pīṭhasarpavat
buddhyā vīryeṇa saṃyuktaḥ śrutena abhijaneana ca

21. O tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra), why do you sit like a snake on a chair when your duty (dharma) must be performed? You are endowed with intelligence, prowess, learning, and noble lineage.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्तव्ये (kartavye) - While your duty (dharma) needs to be performed. (when it is to be done, in the matter of duty, regarding what should be done)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O foremost of men

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• आस्से (āsse) - you sit, you remain

• पीठसर्पवत् (pīṭhasarpavat) - like a snake on a seat/stool

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by intelligence

• वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - by valor, by prowess, by strength, by energy

• संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected with

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by learning, by what is heard

• अभिजनेन (abhijanena) - by noble birth, by lineage, by high family

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

कर्तव्ये (kartavye) - While your duty (dharma) needs to be performed. (when it is to be done, in the matter of duty, regarding what should be done)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

From √kṛ (to do) + tavya suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially or as a substantive in locative.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O foremost of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb here.

आस्से (āsse) - you sit, you remain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of ās

Present (laṭ) middle voice, 2nd person singular of √ās (2nd class).

Root: ās (class 2)

पीठसर्पवत् (pīṭhasarpavat) - like a snake on a seat/stool

(indeclinable)

From pīṭhasarpa + vat (suffix for comparison).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (pīṭha+sarpa)

• pīṭha – seat, stool, bench
  noun (neuter)
  Root: piṭh (class 1)
• sarpa – snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)
  From √sṛp (to creep).
  Root: sṛp (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by intelligence

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, intention

From √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - by valor, by prowess, by strength, by energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, prowess, energy, heroism

From vīra (hero) + ya suffix.

Root: vīr (class 10)

संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, connected, endowed with, united

Past Passive Participle

From sam + √yuj (to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'you'.

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by learning, by what is heard

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, sacred knowledge, tradition

Past Passive Participle

From √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

अभिजनेन (abhijanena) - by noble birth, by lineage, by high family

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhijana

abhijana - noble birth, lineage, family, ancestry

From abhi + √jan (to be born).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.