महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-299, verse-4

उषिताश्च वने कृच्छ्रं यत्र द्वादश वत्सरान् ।
अज्ञातवाससमयं शेषं वर्षं त्रयोदशम् ।
तद्वत्स्यामो वयं छन्नास्तदनुज्ञातुमर्हथ ॥४॥

4. uṣitāśca vane kṛcchraṁ yatra dvādaśa vatsarān ,
ajñātavāsasamayaṁ śeṣaṁ varṣaṁ trayodaśam ,
tadvatsyāmo vayaṁ channāstadanujñātumarhatha.

4. uṣitāḥ ca vane kṛcchram yatra dvādaśa
vatsarān ajñātavāsasamayam śeṣam
varṣam trayodaśam tat vatsyāmaḥ
vayām channāḥ tat anujñātum arhatha

4. We have endured hardship living in the forest for twelve years. For the remaining thirteenth year, the period of incognito living, we shall dwell concealed. Therefore, you should grant us permission for that.

Words meanings summery:

• उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - having dwelt (in the forest) (dwelt, resided, lived)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - with difficulty, enduring hardship (difficulty, hardship; with difficulty)

• यत्र (yatra) - in which (context) (where, in which (case))

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वत्सरान् (vatsarān) - (for) years (years)

• अज्ञातवाससमयम् (ajñātavāsasamayam) - the period of incognito living (the time of unknown dwelling, period of incognito residence)

• शेषम् (śeṣam) - the remaining (year) (remaining, residue, balance)

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - (the) year (year)

• त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - the thirteenth (year) (thirteenth)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that)

• वत्स्यामः (vatsyāmaḥ) - we shall dwell (we shall dwell, we shall live)

• वयम् (vayam) - we (Pandavas) (we)

• छन्नाः (channāḥ) - hidden (incognito) (hidden, concealed, disguised)

• तत् (tat) - that (permission) (that)

• अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit (to permit, to allow, to grant permission)

• अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - having dwelt (in the forest) (dwelt, resided, lived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uṣita

uṣita - dwelt, resided, lived, passed (time)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with suffix -ta, with initial 'u' due to root form. The root 'vas' (to dwell) forms its past participle as 'uṣita'.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vayam` (implied).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to previous statements.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

Note: Location of dwelling.

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - with difficulty, enduring hardship (difficulty, hardship; with difficulty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, hardship, distress

Note: Adverbial accusative, meaning 'with hardship' or 'difficultly'.

यत्र (yatra) - in which (context) (where, in which (case))

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous phrase.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `vatsarān`.

वत्सरान् (vatsarān) - (for) years (years)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vatsara

vatsara - year

Note: Accusative of duration of time.

अज्ञातवाससमयम् (ajñātavāsasamayam) - the period of incognito living (the time of unknown dwelling, period of incognito residence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajñātavāsasamaya

ajñātavāsasamaya - period of incognito dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajñāta+vāsa+samaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāta – known
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix -ta.
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)
• samaya – time, period, convention
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative of duration of time.

शेषम् (śeṣam) - the remaining (year) (remaining, residue, balance)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remaining, residue, balance

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying `varṣam`.

वर्षम् (varṣam) - (the) year (year)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Note: Refers to the thirteenth year.

त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - the thirteenth (year) (thirteenth)

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying `varṣam`.

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the reason to the request.

वत्स्यामः (vatsyāmaḥ) - we shall dwell (we shall dwell, we shall live)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

वयम् (vayam) - we (Pandavas) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of `vatsyāmaḥ`.

छन्नाः (channāḥ) - hidden (incognito) (hidden, concealed, disguised)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of channa

channa - hidden, concealed, covered, disguised

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'chad' (to cover) with suffix -na.

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `vayam`.

तत् (tat) - that (permission) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of `anujñātum`.

अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - to permit (to permit, to allow, to grant permission)

(verb)

infinitive of anujñā

Infinitive

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with upasarga 'anu', infinitive suffix -tum.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used with `arhatha`.

अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Verb expressing obligation or capability.