महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-299, verse-2

ये तद्भक्ता वसन्ति स्म वनवासे तपस्विनः ।
तानब्रुवन्महात्मानः शिष्टाः प्राञ्जलयस्तदा ।
अभ्यनुज्ञापयिष्यन्तस्तं निवासं धृतव्रताः ॥२॥

2. ye tadbhaktā vasanti sma vanavāse tapasvinaḥ ,
tānabruvanmahātmānaḥ śiṣṭāḥ prāñjalayastadā ,
abhyanujñāpayiṣyantastaṁ nivāsaṁ dhṛtavratāḥ.

2. ye tat bhaktāḥ vasanti sma vanavāse
tapasvinaḥ tān abruvan mahātmānaḥ
śiṣṭāḥ prāñjalayaḥ tadā
abhyanujñāpayiṣyantaḥ tam nivāsam dhṛtavratāḥ

2. Then, the great-souled (mahātmanah) Pandavas, who had undertaken vows and were well-behaved, spoke with folded hands to the ascetics who had been devoted to them and were dwelling with them in the forest, intending to seek their permission to leave that abode.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those ascetics who (those who, which)

• तत् (tat) - devoted to them (the Pandavas) (to him, that)

• भक्ताः (bhaktāḥ) - devoted (to the Pandavas) (devoted, faithful, worshipping)

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - (the ascetics) were living (they dwell, they live)

• स्म (sma) - (were dwelling) (indeed, truly, used with present tense verb to denote past action)

• वनवासे (vanavāse) - in forest exile (in forest dwelling, in forest exile)

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - the ascetics (ascetics, hermits, those who practice asceticism (tapas))

• तान् (tān) - to those (ascetics) (those, them)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - (the Pandavas) spoke (they spoke, they said)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - the great-souled (mahātmanah) Pandavas (great souls, noble-minded persons, magnanimous ones)

• शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - well-behaved (Pandavas) (disciplined, well-behaved, educated)

• प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with folded hands (in reverence)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अभ्यनुज्ञापयिष्यन्तः (abhyanujñāpayiṣyantaḥ) - intending to seek permission (to leave) (intending to cause to permit, intending to seek permission)

• तम् (tam) - that (dwelling) (that, him)

• निवासम् (nivāsam) - that abode (in the forest) (dwelling, abode, residence)

• धृतव्रताः (dhṛtavratāḥ) - (the Pandavas) who had undertaken vows (those who have undertaken vows, firm in their vows)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those ascetics who (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which

तत् (tat) - devoted to them (the Pandavas) (to him, that)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, to him, to her, to it

Note: Part of a Tatpuruṣa compound `tat-bhaktāḥ`. Here, 'tat' means 'to them' (referring to the Pandavas).

भक्ताः (bhaktāḥ) - devoted (to the Pandavas) (devoted, faithful, worshipping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, faithful, worshipping

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhaj' (to divide, to participate, to worship, to serve) with suffix -ta.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Part of a Tatpuruṣa compound `tat-bhaktāḥ`.

वसन्ति (vasanti) - (the ascetics) were living (they dwell, they live)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past continuous action.

स्म (sma) - (were dwelling) (indeed, truly, used with present tense verb to denote past action)

(indeclinable)

वनवासे (vanavāse) - in forest exile (in forest dwelling, in forest exile)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, forest exile

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - the ascetics (ascetics, hermits, those who practice asceticism (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, hermit, one who performs asceticism

Derived from 'tapas' (asceticism) with suffix -vin.

Note: This is the subject of `vasanti sma`.

तान् (tān) - to those (ascetics) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of `abruvan`.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - (the Pandavas) spoke (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The augment 'a' indicates past tense.

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - the great-souled (mahātmanah) Pandavas (great souls, noble-minded persons, magnanimous ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, magnanimous person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `abruvan`.

शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - well-behaved (Pandavas) (disciplined, well-behaved, educated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, taught, well-behaved, learned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'śiṣ' (to discipline, to teach) with suffix -ta.

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying `mahātmānaḥ`.

प्राञ्जलयः (prāñjalayaḥ) - with folded hands (in reverence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands (as a gesture of reverence or supplication)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forward, forth, very
  indeclinable
• añjali – folded hands, cupped hands
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying `mahātmānaḥ`.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अभ्यनुज्ञापयिष्यन्तः (abhyanujñāpayiṣyantaḥ) - intending to seek permission (to leave) (intending to cause to permit, intending to seek permission)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyanujñāpayiṣyat

abhyanujñāpayiṣyat - intending to seek permission

Future Active Participle (Desiderative-Causative)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with upasargas 'anu' and 'abhi', in causative (ṇij) and desiderative (san) forms, then participialized with -ant (śatṛ). Thus, 'intending to make [them] grant permission'.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjective modifying `mahātmānaḥ`.

तम् (tam) - that (dwelling) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Adjective modifying `nivāsam`.

निवासम् (nivāsam) - that abode (in the forest) (dwelling, abode, residence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nivāsa

nivāsa - dwelling, abode, residence

Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied action of leaving, related to `abhyanujñāpayiṣyantaḥ`.

धृतव्रताः (dhṛtavratāḥ) - (the Pandavas) who had undertaken vows (those who have undertaken vows, firm in their vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - one who has undertaken vows, firm in resolution

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, borne, undertaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, to bear) with suffix -ta.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying `mahātmānaḥ`.