महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-299, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
धर्मेण तेऽभ्यनुज्ञाताः पाण्डवाः सत्यविक्रमाः ।
अज्ञातवासं वत्स्यन्तश्छन्ना वर्षं त्रयोदशम् ।
उपोपविश्य विद्वांसः सहिताः संशितव्रताः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
dharmeṇa te'bhyanujñātāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ satyavikramāḥ ,
ajñātavāsaṁ vatsyantaśchannā varṣaṁ trayodaśam ,
upopaviśya vidvāṁsaḥ sahitāḥ saṁśitavratāḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca dharmeṇa te abhyanujñātāḥ
pāṇḍavāḥ satyavikramāḥ ajñātavāsam
vatsyantaḥ channāḥ varṣam trayodaśam
upopaviśya vidvāṃsaḥ sahitāḥ saṃśitavratāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The Pāṇḍavas, true in their valor (vikrama), having been permitted by the natural law (dharma), intending to live in a secret residence (ajñātavāsa) disguised for thirteen years, sat down together, being wise and resolute in their vows.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, by righteousness, by natural law

• ते (te) - they, those

• अभ्यनुज्ञाताः (abhyanujñātāḥ) - permitted, authorized, consented

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• सत्यविक्रमाः (satyavikramāḥ) - of true valor/prowess

• अज्ञातवासम् (ajñātavāsam) - unknown residence, living in disguise (ajñātavāsa)

• वत्स्यन्तः (vatsyantaḥ) - going to live, intending to dwell

• छन्नाः (channāḥ) - hidden, concealed, disguised

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - year, monsoon, rain

• त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteen

• उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat down near, having settled down

• विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, learned ones

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied, together, united

• संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows, resolute in vows

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit) form

Root 'vac', perfect tense, third person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, by righteousness, by natural law

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, those

अभ्यनुज्ञाताः (abhyanujñātāḥ) - permitted, authorized, consented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, authorized, consented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'anu'.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

सत्यविक्रमाः (satyavikramāḥ) - of true valor/prowess

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyavikrama

satyavikrama - of true valor, having real prowess (vikrama)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vikrama)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, heroism, stride
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

अज्ञातवासम् (ajñātavāsam) - unknown residence, living in disguise (ajñātavāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajñātavāsa

ajñātavāsa - living in disguise, secret residence (ajñātavāsa)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ajñāta+vāsa)

• ajñāta – unknown, not known, unrecognized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (negative)
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with negative prefix 'a'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

वत्स्यन्तः (vatsyantaḥ) - going to live, intending to dwell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasyat

vasyat - going to live, intending to dwell

Future Active Participle

Derived from the root 'vas' (to dwell) with future participle suffix.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

छन्नाः (channāḥ) - hidden, concealed, disguised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of channa

channa - hidden, covered, concealed, disguised

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'chad' (to cover, conceal).

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

वर्षम् (varṣam) - year, monsoon, rain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, country

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes duration.

त्रयोदशम् (trayodaśam) - thirteen

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'varṣam'.

उपोपविश्य (upopaviśya) - having sat down near, having settled down

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root 'viś' (to enter, sit) with repeated prefix 'upa'.

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

विद्वांसः (vidvāṁsaḥ) - the wise ones, learned ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing

Perfect Active Participle (irregular)

Derived from the root 'vid' (to know). Irregular participle formation.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied, together, united

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, together, united, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'dhā' (to place) with prefix 'sam' (or from 'sah' 'to bear' + 'ita').

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows, resolute in vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - whose vows are firm, resolute in vows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolved, determined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'śi' (to sharpen, whet) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.