महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-22, verse-24

विशीर्णगलितोष्णीषः प्रकीर्णाम्बरमूर्धजः ।
प्रपतन्दृश्यते ह स्म क्षीणपुण्य इव ग्रहः ॥२४॥

24. viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣaḥ prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhajaḥ ,
prapatandṛśyate ha sma kṣīṇapuṇya iva grahaḥ.

24. viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣaḥ prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhajaḥ
prapatan dṛśyate ha sma kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ iva grahaḥ

24. With his turban loosened and fallen, and his garments and hair scattered, he was seen falling, like a planet whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted.

Words meanings summery:

• विशीर्णगलितोष्णीषः (viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣaḥ) - with his turban loosened and fallen (whose turban is loosened and fallen)

• प्रकीर्णाम्बरमूर्धजः (prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhajaḥ) - with his garments and hair scattered (whose garments and hair are scattered)

• प्रपतन् (prapatan) - falling (referring to Salva) (falling, descending)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - was seen (is seen, appears, is beheld)

• ह (ha) - indeed (a particle for emphasis or narrative) (indeed, certainly, verily)

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past action (was seen) (particle used with present tense to indicate past action)

• क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - one whose karmic merit (puṇya) is exhausted (one whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted)

• इव (iva) - like (as if, like, as)

• ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - a planet (falling from its orbit due to exhausted merit) (planet, celestial body, seizer)

Words meanings and morphology

विशीर्णगलितोष्णीषः (viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣaḥ) - with his turban loosened and fallen (whose turban is loosened and fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣa

viśīrṇagalitoṣṇīṣa - whose turban is loosened and fallen, having a scattered and dropped turban

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśīrṇa+galita+uṣṇīṣa)

• viśīrṇa – loosened, scattered, shattered, fallen apart
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √śṝ (to tear, break) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• galita – fallen, dropped, melted, flowed away
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √gal (to drop, fall, melt).
  Root: gal (class 1)
• uṣṇīṣa – turban, diadem, head-dress
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Salva).

प्रकीर्णाम्बरमूर्धजः (prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhajaḥ) - with his garments and hair scattered (whose garments and hair are scattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhaja

prakīrṇāmbaramūrdhaja - whose garments and hair are scattered, having scattered clothes and hair

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prakīrṇa+ambara+mūrdhaja)

• prakīrṇa – scattered, dispersed, thrown about
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √kīr (to scatter) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kīr (class 6)
• ambara – garment, clothing, sky
  noun (neuter)
• mūrdhaja – hair (literally 'head-born')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'mūrdhan' (head) + 'ja' (born).

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Salva).

प्रपतन् (prapatan) - falling (referring to Salva) (falling, descending)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prapatat

prapatat - falling, descending, dropping down

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root √pat (to fall) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'dṛśyate'.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - was seen (is seen, appears, is beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

3rd person singular present passive of root √dṛś (class 1, dṛśya- stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with 'ha sma' to indicate past action.

ह (ha) - indeed (a particle for emphasis or narrative) (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past action (was seen) (particle used with present tense to indicate past action)

(indeclinable)

क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - one whose karmic merit (puṇya) is exhausted (one whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇapuṇya

kṣīṇapuṇya - whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted, having depleted good deeds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+puṇya)

• kṣīṇa – exhausted, wasted, diminished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √kṣi (to waste away, diminish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, righteousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'grahaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

ग्रहः (grahaḥ) - a planet (falling from its orbit due to exhausted merit) (planet, celestial body, seizer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of graha

graha - planet, celestial body, seizer, grasping, demon

From root √grah (to seize, grasp).

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of the simile.