महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-22, verse-23

तस्य रूपं प्रपततः पितुर्मम नराधिप ।
ययातेः क्षीणपुण्यस्य स्वर्गादिव महीतलम् ॥२३॥

23. tasya rūpaṁ prapatataḥ piturmama narādhipa ,
yayāteḥ kṣīṇapuṇyasya svargādiva mahītalam.

23. tasya rūpam prapatataḥ pituḥ mama narādhipa
yayāteḥ kṣīṇapuṇyasya svargāt iva mahītalam

23. O ruler of men, his form, as he was falling, appeared like that of my own father, or like Yayāti, whose merit (puṇya) was exhausted, falling from heaven to the surface of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Salva) (his, of that)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance (form, appearance, shape)

• प्रपततः (prapatataḥ) - of him who was falling (Salva) (of the falling one, of him who is falling)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of a father

• मम (mama) - my (the speaker's) (my, of me)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men (addressing the interlocutor) (O ruler of men, O king)

• ययातेः (yayāteḥ) - of King Yayāti (of Yayāti (a legendary king))

• क्षीणपुण्यस्य (kṣīṇapuṇyasya) - of one whose karmic merit (puṇya) was exhausted (of one whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted, whose good deeds are depleted)

• स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from paradise)

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as)

• महीतलम् (mahītalam) - the surface of the earth (the surface of the earth, the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Salva) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance (form, appearance, shape)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, shape, nature, beauty

Note: Subject of an implied 'was' or 'appeared'.

प्रपततः (prapatataḥ) - of him who was falling (Salva) (of the falling one, of him who is falling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prapatat

prapatat - falling, descending, dropping down

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root √pat (to fall) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tasya' (implied by context to be Salva).

पितुः (pituḥ) - of a father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Part of a simile.

मम (mama) - my (the speaker's) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Qualifies 'pituḥ'.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men (addressing the interlocutor) (O ruler of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā (to protect, rule) with prefix adhi-.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

ययातेः (yayāteḥ) - of King Yayāti (of Yayāti (a legendary king))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a famous king in Hindu mythology, son of Nahuṣa)

Note: Compared to Salva's fall.

क्षीणपुण्यस्य (kṣīṇapuṇyasya) - of one whose karmic merit (puṇya) was exhausted (of one whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted, whose good deeds are depleted)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣīṇapuṇya

kṣīṇapuṇya - whose merit (puṇya) is exhausted, having depleted good deeds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+puṇya)

• kṣīṇa – exhausted, wasted, diminished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root √kṣi (to waste away, diminish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, righteousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'yayāteḥ'.

स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from paradise)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

महीतलम् (mahītalam) - the surface of the earth (the surface of the earth, the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground, palm of hand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates destination.