महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-22, verse-1

वासुदेव उवाच ।
एवं स पुरुषव्याघ्र शाल्वो राज्ञां महारिपुः ।
युध्यमानो मया संख्ये वियदभ्यागमत्पुनः ॥१॥

1. vāsudeva uvāca ,
evaṁ sa puruṣavyāghra śālvo rājñāṁ mahāripuḥ ,
yudhyamāno mayā saṁkhye viyadabhyāgamatpunaḥ.

1. vāsudevaḥ uvāca evam saḥ puruṣavyāghra śālvaḥ rājñām
mahāripuḥ yudhyamānaḥ mayā saṃkhye viyat abhyāgamat punaḥ

1. Vasudeva said: "O tiger among men, in this way, that Salva, a great enemy of kings, while fighting with me in battle, again ascended to the sky."

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna (Vasudeva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Salva (that, he)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - addressed to Uddhava (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva (a king)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• महारिपुः (mahāripuḥ) - great enemy

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, while fighting

• मया (mayā) - by me

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

• वियत् (viyat) - sky, atmosphere

• अभ्यागमत् (abhyāgamat) - returned/ascended to the sky (approached, came, returned)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna (Vasudeva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vasudeva, son of Vasudeva (a name of Krishna)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) takes 'u' reduplication for perfect (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - referring to Salva (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - addressed to Uddhava (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva (a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Salva (a king, enemy of Krishna)

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

महारिपुः (mahāripuḥ) - great enemy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāripu

mahāripu - great enemy

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ripu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, while fighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' (4th class, Ātmanepada) with suffix 'śānac'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Derived from the root 'yudh' (to fight).

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war, combat

वियत् (viyat) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viyat

viyat - sky, atmosphere, air, ether

From vi-yam, 'to extend into the distance'

Prefix: vi

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used here adverbially or as a destination of motion.

अभ्यागमत् (abhyāgamat) - returned/ascended to the sky (approached, came, returned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyāgam

Imperfect Active

Root 'gam' (1st class) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā', augment 'a' for imperfect

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

(indeclinable)