महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-22, verse-15

इत्यहं तस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा परमदुर्मनाः ।
निश्चयं नाधिगच्छामि कर्तव्यस्येतरस्य वा ॥१५॥

15. ityahaṁ tasya vacanaṁ śrutvā paramadurmanāḥ ,
niścayaṁ nādhigacchāmi kartavyasyetarasya vā.

15. iti aham tasya vacanam śrutvā paramadurmanāḥ
niścayam na adhigacchāmi kartavyasya itarasya vā

15. Thus, having heard his words, I became extremely dejected. I could not ascertain the proper course of action (kartavya) or its alternative.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the speaker of the previous two verses. (his, of him, that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - Refers to the advice given in the previous verse. (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

• परमदुर्मनाः (paramadurmanāḥ) - extremely dejected, very distressed, utterly disheartened

• निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty, decision, resolution

• न (na) - not, no

• अधिगच्छामि (adhigacchāmi) - I obtain, I reach, I understand, I ascertain

• कर्तव्यस्य (kartavyasya) - of duty, of what is to be done, of an obligation

• इतरस्य (itarasya) - of the other, of the opposite

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to the speaker of the previous two verses. (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वचनम् (vacanam) - Refers to the advice given in the previous verse. (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

परमदुर्मनाः (paramadurmanāḥ) - extremely dejected, very distressed, utterly disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadurmanas

paramadurmanas - extremely dejected, very distressed, utterly disheartened

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+durmanas)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• durmanas – dejected, disheartened, sad
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Refers to `aham`.

निश्चयम् (niścayam) - certainty, decision, resolution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, decision, resolution

Prefix: niś

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of `adhigacchāmi`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अधिगच्छामि (adhigacchāmi) - I obtain, I reach, I understand, I ascertain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

root gam with upasarga adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

कर्तव्यस्य (kartavyasya) - of duty, of what is to be done, of an obligation

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, duty, obligation

gerundive (future passive participle)

from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the proper action or duty.

इतरस्य (itarasya) - of the other, of the opposite

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, different, opposite

Note: Refers to the alternative to 'kartavya'.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `kartavyasya` and `itarasya`.