महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-22, verse-21

सोऽहं सर्वविनाशं तं चिन्तयानो मुहुर्मुहुः ।
सुविह्वलो महाराज पुनः शाल्वमयोधयम् ॥२१॥

21. so'haṁ sarvavināśaṁ taṁ cintayāno muhurmuhuḥ ,
suvihvalo mahārāja punaḥ śālvamayodhayam.

21. saḥ aham sarvavināśam tam cintayānaḥ muhurmuhuḥ
suvihvalaḥ mahārāja punaḥ śālvam ayodhayām

21. O great king, repeatedly meditating on that complete destruction, I became greatly agitated and again fought Salva.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the speaker) (that, he)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I, myself)

• सर्वविनाशम् (sarvavināśam) - the complete destruction (of Salva's city Saubha) (complete destruction, total ruin)

• तम् (tam) - that (destruction) (that, him, it)

• चिन्तयानः (cintayānaḥ) - meditating (on the destruction) (thinking, meditating, reflecting)

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again, constantly)

• सुविह्वलः (suvihvalaḥ) - greatly agitated (greatly agitated, completely bewildered, much distressed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the interlocutor) (O great king, O emperor)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further, moreover)

• शाल्वम् (śālvam) - King Salva (Salva (name of a king/people))

• अयोधयाम् (ayodhayām) - I fought (I fought, I caused to fight)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the speaker) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Forms 'saḥ' in masculine nominative singular before a voiced consonant or pause.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

सर्वविनाशम् (sarvavināśam) - the complete destruction (of Salva's city Saubha) (complete destruction, total ruin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvavināśa

sarvavināśa - complete destruction, total ruin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+vināśa)

• sarva – all, whole, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• vināśa – destruction, ruin, annihilation
  noun (masculine)
  From root √naś (to perish) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The form could also be neuter accusative singular, but masculine is more common for 'vināśa'.

तम् (tam) - that (destruction) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'sarvavināśam'.

चिन्तयानः (cintayānaḥ) - meditating (on the destruction) (thinking, meditating, reflecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintayat

cintayat - thinking, meditating

Present Active Participle

From the causative stem of root √cit (to perceive) + Śānac suffix. The causative stem is cintay-.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Reduplication of 'muhus'.

सुविह्वलः (suvihvalaḥ) - greatly agitated (greatly agitated, completely bewildered, much distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvihvala

suvihvala - greatly agitated, much distressed, deeply disturbed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+vihvala)

• su – good, well, greatly, intensely
  indeclinable
• vihvala – agitated, disturbed, distressed, bewildered
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √hval (to tremble, stagger) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing the interlocutor) (O great king, O emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शाल्वम् (śālvam) - King Salva (Salva (name of a king/people))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Salva (name of a king, a people, or their country)

Note: Object of the verb 'ayodhayām'.

अयोधयाम् (ayodhayām) - I fought (I fought, I caused to fight)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect, Causative

1st person singular imperfect active of the causative stem √yudh (to fight). The causative stem is yodhaya-.

Root: yudh (class 4)