महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-194, verse-18

अथापश्यत गोविन्दो दानवौ वीर्यवत्तरौ ।
दृष्ट्वा तावब्रवीद्देवः स्वागतं वां महाबलौ ।
ददानि वां वरं श्रेष्ठं प्रीतिर्हि मम जायते ॥१८॥

18. athāpaśyata govindo dānavau vīryavattarau ,
dṛṣṭvā tāvabravīddevaḥ svāgataṁ vāṁ mahābalau ,
dadāni vāṁ varaṁ śreṣṭhaṁ prītirhi mama jāyate.

18. atha apaśyata govindaḥ dānavau
vīryavattarau dṛṣṭvā tau abravīt devaḥ
svāgatam vām mahābalau dadāni vām
varam śreṣṭham prītiḥ hi mama jāyate

18. Then Govinda (Vishnu) saw the two exceedingly mighty demons. Upon seeing them, the god (Vishnu) said, "Welcome to you both, O mighty ones! I shall grant you a supreme boon, for indeed, my satisfaction has arisen."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw

• गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

• दानवौ (dānavau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (two demons, sons of Danu)

• वीर्यवत्तरौ (vīryavattarau) - very powerful, more mighty, stronger

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तौ (tau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (those two)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• देवः (devaḥ) - Lord Vishnu. (the god, divine being)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome, well-come

• वाम् (vām) - to you two, of you two

• महाबलौ (mahābalau) - Addressed to Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (O mighty ones, O very strong ones)

• ददानि (dadāni) - I shall grant (implying a strong offer or intention in the future). (I give, I grant)

• वाम् (vām) - to you two

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, gift

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent, supreme

• प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - pleasure, satisfaction, joy, love

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• जायते (jāyate) - arises, is born, happens

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of paśya

Imperfect Middle

From root dṛś (to see), with śyan affix in the present system forming paśya. Augmented a- indicates imperfect past tense. Third person singular, Ātmanepada ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (epithet of Vishnu/Krishna; protector of cows, finder of earth, etc.)

Compound of go (cow/earth/rays) and vinda (finder/protector/knower, from root vid).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vid)

• go – cow, earth, rays
  noun (feminine)
• vid – finding, knowing (derived from the root vid)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vid (to find, to know)
  Root: vid (class 6)

दानवौ (dānavau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (two demons, sons of Danu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dānava

dānava - demon (son of Danu), giant

From Danu (mother of a class of demons) with a patronymic suffix.

वीर्यवत्तरौ (vīryavattarau) - very powerful, more mighty, stronger

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vīryavattara

vīryavattara - more powerful, very powerful, stronger (comparative degree)

vīryavat (powerful) + tara (comparative suffix).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तौ (tau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine dual accusative.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

From root brū (to speak), second class. Augmented a- indicates imperfect past tense. Third person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

देवः (devaḥ) - Lord Vishnu. (the god, divine being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine being

From root div (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome, well-come

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, well-come, (good arrival)

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (good) + ā (prefix) + gam (to go). Used as an interjection.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+āgata)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

वाम् (vām) - to you two, of you two

(pronoun)

Dative, dual of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (dual)

Enclitic pronominal form for 2nd person dual, used for dative/genitive/accusative.

महाबलौ (mahābalau) - Addressed to Madhu and Kaiṭabha. (O mighty ones, O very strong ones)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, dual of mahābala

mahābala - very mighty, having great strength

karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + bala (strength). `mahā` is a form of `mahat`.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great
  adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength
  noun (neuter)

ददानि (dadāni) - I shall grant (implying a strong offer or intention in the future). (I give, I grant)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Present Imperative Active

From root dā (to give), third class (juhotyādi). First person singular imperative.

Root: dā (class 3)

वाम् (vām) - to you two

(pronoun)

Dative, dual of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (dual)

Enclitic pronominal form for 2nd person dual, used for dative/genitive/accusative.

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, gift

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, choice, excellent thing

From root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme

Superlative

Superlative degree derived from praśasya (praiseworthy) with the iṣṭhan suffix.

प्रीतिः (prītiḥ) - pleasure, satisfaction, joy, love

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - pleasure, satisfaction, joy, love, affection

From root prī (to please, satisfy).

Root: prī (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Enclitic particle, often used for explanation or emphasis.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Pronominal form for 1st person singular genitive.

जायते (jāyate) - arises, is born, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Middle

From root jan (to be born), fourth class (divādi). Third person singular, Ātmanepada ending.

Root: jan (class 4)