महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-183, verse-4

तं भार्या प्रत्युवाचेदं धर्ममेवानुरुध्यती ।
वैन्यं गत्वा महात्मानमर्थयस्व धनं बहु ।
स ते दास्यति राजर्षिर्यजमानोऽर्थिने धनम् ॥४॥

4. taṁ bhāryā pratyuvācedaṁ dharmamevānurudhyatī ,
vainyaṁ gatvā mahātmānamarthayasva dhanaṁ bahu ,
sa te dāsyati rājarṣiryajamāno'rthine dhanam.

4. tam bhāryā prati uvāca idam dharmam
eva anurudhyatī vainyam gatvā mahātmānam
arthayasva dhanam bahu saḥ te dāsyati
rājarṣiḥ yajamānaḥ arthine dhanam

4. His wife, adhering strictly to her intrinsic nature (dharma), replied to him, "Go to the great-souled Vainya and request much wealth. That royal sage, performing a ritual (yajña), will give wealth to one who asks."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply to

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• अनुरुध्यती (anurudhyatī) - adhering to, following

• वैन्यम् (vainyam) - to Vainya

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled, noble-minded

• अर्थयस्व (arthayasva) - request, ask for

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

• बहु (bahu) - much, abundant

• सः (saḥ) - he

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• दास्यति (dāsyati) - will give

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

• यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - one performing a ritual (yajña) (one performing a sacrifice, sacrificer)

• अर्थिने (arthine) - to one who asks, to the petitioner

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: From tad, masculine singular accusative, referring to her husband.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife; one who is to be supported

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -yā (feminine form of gerundive)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply to

(indeclinable)

Note: Here acts as a prefix to `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root `vac`, perfect form `uvāca`, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Combined with `prati` to form `pratyuvāca`.

इदम् (idam) - this (speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this speech, this matter

Note: It is neuter accusative singular, referring to 'this speech' or 'this statement'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) with suffix -ma.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

अनुरुध्यती (anurudhyatī) - adhering to, following

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anurudh

anurudh - to follow, adhere to, observe, comply with

Present Participle Active

Root `rudh` with prefix `anu`, present participle, feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: anu

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: This is a present participle, functioning as an adjective modifying `bhāryā`.

वैन्यम् (vainyam) - to Vainya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vainya

vainya - Vainya (a proper name, son of Vena, i.e., Prithu)

Note: Object of `gatvā`.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `gam` with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, high-minded, noble, great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `Vainyam`.

अर्थयस्व (arthayasva) - request, ask for

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Lot) of arth

Imperative Middle

Root `arth` (denominative from `artha`), 2nd person singular middle voice imperative.

Root: arth (class 10)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root dhā (to place, put, bestow) with suffix -ana.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `arthayasva`.

बहु (bahu) - much, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, great

Note: Modifies `dhanam`.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular from `tad`, referring to Vainya.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Dative 'for you' or 'to you' of `yuṣmad`.

दास्यति (dāsyati) - will give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of dā

Future Active

Root `dā`, 3rd person singular future tense.

Root: dā (class 1)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `dāsyati`.

यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - one performing a ritual (yajña) (one performing a sacrifice, sacrificer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajamāna

yajamāna - sacrificer, patron of a sacrifice, one performing a ritual (yajña)

Present Participle Middle

Root `yaj` (to sacrifice), present participle middle, masculine nominative singular.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rājarṣiḥ`.

अर्थिने (arthine) - to one who asks, to the petitioner

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - petitioner, suitor, seeker, one who asks

From `artha` (purpose, meaning, wealth) with suffix -in.

Note: Recipient of the wealth.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root dhā (to place, put, bestow) with suffix -ana.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `dāsyati`.