महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-183, verse-15

न वेत्थ परमं धर्मं न चावैषि प्रयोजनम् ।
बालस्त्वमसि मूढश्च वृद्धः केनापि हेतुना ॥१५॥

15. na vettha paramaṁ dharmaṁ na cāvaiṣi prayojanam ,
bālastvamasi mūḍhaśca vṛddhaḥ kenāpi hetunā.

15. na vettha paramam dharmam na ca avaiṣi prayojanam
bālaḥ tvam asi mūḍhaḥ ca vṛddhaḥ kena api hetunā

15. "You do not know the supreme natural law (dharma), nor do you understand the purpose. You are but a child and foolish, even though you are old for some reason."

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know, you understand

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• अवैषि (avaiṣi) - you understand, you know

• प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - purpose, object, aim, motive

• बालः (bālaḥ) - immature in understanding, despite age (child, immature person, fool)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• असि (asi) - you are

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, stupid, deluded

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom, for what reason

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause, on account of

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Irregular form of the root vid (to know).

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vettha'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अवैषि (avaiṣi) - you understand, you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ava-i

Prefix: ava

Root: i (class 2)

प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - purpose, object, aim, motive

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prayojana

prayojana - purpose, object, aim, motive, reason

gerundive/action noun

Derived from root yuj (to join, apply) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'avaiṣi'.

बालः (bālaḥ) - immature in understanding, despite age (child, immature person, fool)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young, immature, foolish, ignorant

Note: Predicated of 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, stupid, deluded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, deluded, ignorant, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muh (to be bewildered)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

केन (kena) - by what, by whom, for what reason

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used with 'api' to form an indefinite pronoun, 'by some'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause, on account of

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

Note: Indicates cause or instrument. 'Kenāpi hetunā' means 'for some reason' or 'by some cause'.