महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-183, verse-10

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वा जगामाशु वैन्ययज्ञं महातपाः ।
गत्वा च यज्ञायतनमत्रिस्तुष्टाव तं नृपम् ॥१०॥

10. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evamuktvā jagāmāśu vainyayajñaṁ mahātapāḥ ,
gatvā ca yajñāyatanamatristuṣṭāva taṁ nṛpam.

10. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca | evam uktvā jagāma āśu vainyayajñam
mahātapaḥ | gatvā ca yajñāyatanam atriḥ tuṣṭāva tam nṛpam

10. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Having spoken thus, the great ascetic (mahātapa) quickly went to Vainya's ritual (yajña). And having arrived at the ritual (yajña) ground, Atri then praised that king.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he has gone

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• वैन्ययज्ञम् (vainyayajñam) - to Vainya's ritual

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - the great ascetic, one of great austerity

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having arrived

• च (ca) - and, also

• यज्ञायतनम् (yajñāyatanam) - ritual (yajña) ground, place of sacrifice

• अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (name of a sage)

• तुष्टाव (tuṣṭāva) - he praised, he eulogized

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Vainya (Pṛthu) (king, ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - a renowned ancient sage, son of Mṛkaṇḍu

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root vac (to speak) with suffix -tvā

Root: vac (class 2)

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he has gone

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies jagāma.

वैन्ययज्ञम् (vainyayajñam) - to Vainya's ritual

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vainyayajña

vainyayajña - the ritual (yajña) performed by Vainya (Pṛthu)

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vainya+yajña)

• vainya – son of Vena, Pṛthu
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Vena
• yajña – ritual, sacrifice, worship, offering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of jagāma.

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - the great ascetic, one of great austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one who practices great austerity (tapas)

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'having great austerity'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of jagāma. Refers to Atri.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having arrived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root gam (to go) with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of going and praising.

यज्ञायतनम् (yajñāyatanam) - ritual (yajña) ground, place of sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yajñāyatana

yajñāyatana - place for ritual (yajña), sacrificial ground, temple

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+āyatana)

• yajña – ritual, sacrifice, worship, offering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• āyatana – place, abode, site, ground
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of gatvā (implies 'to').

अत्रिः (atriḥ) - Atri (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atri

atri - a Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis (seven great sages)

Note: Subject of tuṣṭāva.

तुष्टाव (tuṣṭāva) - he praised, he eulogized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ṣṭu

Root: ṣṭu (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - King Vainya (Pṛthu) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, prince

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector/ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect/drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of tuṣṭāva.