महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-183, verse-21

स च तेषां वचः श्रुत्वा यथातत्त्वं महातपाः ।
प्रत्युवाचाथ तानेवं धर्मार्थसहितं वचः ॥२१॥

21. sa ca teṣāṁ vacaḥ śrutvā yathātattvaṁ mahātapāḥ ,
pratyuvācātha tānevaṁ dharmārthasahitaṁ vacaḥ.

21. sa ca teṣām vacaḥ śrutvā yathātattvam mahātapāḥ
pratyuvāca atha tān evam dharmārthasahitam vacaḥ

21. And he, of great ascetic power (tapas), having accurately heard their words, then replied to them with words that conveyed natural law (dharma) and its true meaning.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Sanatkumāra (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the sages (of them, their)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

• यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - as it truly is, truthfully, accurately, according to reality

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Sanatkumāra, who possesses great ascetic power (tapas) (one of great ascetic power, great ascetic)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• तान् (tān) - the sages (them)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - words imbued with natural law (dharma) and its true purpose (accompanied by dharma and artha, containing natural law and its meaning/purpose)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Sanatkumāra (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the sages (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive formed from the root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - as it truly is, truthfully, accurately, according to reality

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva) of yathā and tattva

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tattva)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Sanatkumāra, who possesses great ascetic power (tapas) (one of great ascetic power, great ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - one of great ascetic power, great ascetic

Bahuvrīhi compound from mahā and tapas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of prati-vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Perfect form of root vac with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - the sages (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - words imbued with natural law (dharma) and its true purpose (accompanied by dharma and artha, containing natural law and its meaning/purpose)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmārthasahita

dharmārthasahita - accompanied by dharma and artha, containing natural law and its meaning/purpose

Compound formed from dharma-artha and sahita

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma-artha+sahita)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object, goal
  noun (masculine)
• sahita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root sah (to bear, endure) with prefix sa- (with)
  Root: sah (class 1)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)