महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-161, verse-23

यमास्थितः सप्त जघान पूगान्दितेः सुतानां नमुचेर्निहन्ता ।
तमिन्द्रवाहं समुपेत्य पार्थाः प्रदक्षिणं चक्रुरदीनसत्त्वाः ॥२३॥

23. yamāsthitaḥ sapta jaghāna pūgā;nditeḥ sutānāṁ namucernihantā ,
tamindravāhaṁ samupetya pārthāḥ; pradakṣiṇaṁ cakruradīnasattvāḥ.

23. yam āsthitaḥ sapta jaghāna pūgān
diteḥ sutānām namuceḥ nihantā
tam indravāham samupetya pārthāḥ
pradakṣiṇam cakruḥ adīnasattvāḥ

23. The courageous sons of Pṛthā (Pāṇḍavas), having approached that charioteer of Indra (Matali) — whom Indra, the slayer of Namuci, had resorted to when he killed seven groups of Diti's sons — circumambulated him.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - resorted to, having taken position in, dwelling in

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck

• पूगान् (pūgān) - groups, crowds

• दितेः (diteḥ) - of Diti

• सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of sons

• नमुचेः (namuceḥ) - of Namuci

• निहन्ता (nihantā) - slayer, destroyer

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• इन्द्रवाहम् (indravāham) - referring to Matali (Indra's charioteer)

• समुपेत्य (samupetya) - having approached

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

• अदीनसत्त्वाः (adīnasattvāḥ) - of undepressed spirit, courageous

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - resorted to, having taken position in, dwelling in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - resorted to, occupied, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sthā (to stand) with the prefix ā (towards, up to).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

जघान (jaghāna) - killed, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect

Root han (to strike, kill) in the perfect tense, third person singular.

Root: han (class 2)

पूगान् (pūgān) - groups, crowds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūga

pūga - multitude, collection, crowd, troop

दितेः (diteḥ) - of Diti

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti (a mythological goddess, mother of the Daityas)

सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (from sū, to bear) used as a noun

Root: sū (class 2)

नमुचेः (namuceḥ) - of Namuci

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of namuci

namuci - Namuci (a demon slain by Indra)

निहन्ता (nihantā) - slayer, destroyer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihantṛ

nihantṛ - slayer, destroyer

Agent Noun

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni (down, into) and agent suffix -tṛ.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इन्द्रवाहम् (indravāham) - referring to Matali (Indra's charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indravāha

indravāha - Indra's charioteer

Compound of Indra (name of a deity) and vāha (carrier, charioteer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+vāha)

• indra – Indra (king of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vāha – carrier, bearer, charioteer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

समुपेत्य (samupetya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from the root i (to go) with prefixes sam (together, completely) and upa (near) and the gerundive suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: i (class 2)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā

Derived from Pṛthā with the aṇ suffix, meaning 'descendant of Pṛthā'.

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - right, southern; respectful circumambulation

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect

Root kṛ (to do) in the perfect tense, third person plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अदीनसत्त्वाः (adīnasattvāḥ) - of undepressed spirit, courageous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adīnasattva

adīnasattva - of undepressed spirit, courageous, firm-minded

Bahuvrīhi compound: a (not) + dīna (depressed, weak) + sattva (spirit, courage).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+dīna+sattva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dīna – depressed, distressed, weak
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dī (to waste, decay, be miserable).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• sattva – essence, spirit, courage, being
  noun (neuter)