महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-161, verse-14

यदैव धौम्यानुमते महात्मा कृत्वा जटाः प्रव्रजितः स जिष्णुः ।
तदैव तेषां न बभूव हर्षः कुतो रतिस्तद्गतमानसानाम् ॥१४॥

14. yadaiva dhaumyānumate mahātmā; kṛtvā jaṭāḥ pravrajitaḥ sa jiṣṇuḥ ,
tadaiva teṣāṁ na babhūva harṣaḥ; kuto ratistadgatamānasānām.

14. yadā eva dhaumya anumate mahātmā
kṛtvā jaṭāḥ pravrajitaḥ sa jiṣṇuḥ
tadā eva teṣām na babhūva harṣaḥ
kutaḥ ratiḥ tat gata mānasānām

14. As soon as that great-souled Jiṣṇu (Arjuna), with the permission of Dhaumya, took matted locks and departed as an ascetic, from that very moment, there was no joy for them. How could there be any delight for those whose minds were fixed on him?

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - as soon as (with 'eva') (when, whenever)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• धौम्य (dhaumya) - Dhaumya (name of a sage)

• अनुमते (anumate) - with the permission, by consent

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having taken (matted locks) (having done, having made, having taken)

• जटाः (jaṭāḥ) - matted locks of hair

• प्रव्रजितः (pravrajitaḥ) - departed as an ascetic (gone forth, become an ascetic, wandered away)

• स (sa) - that (Jiṣṇu) (that, he)

• जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Jiṣṇu (Arjuna) (victorious (epithet of Arjuna))

• तदा (tadā) - from that very moment (with 'eva') (then, at that time)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

• न (na) - not, no

• बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it was

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight, happiness

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how could there be? (from where, whence, how)

• रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight, pleasure, attachment

• तत् (tat) - on him (Arjuna) (that, him)

• गत (gata) - fixed on (him) (gone, resorted to, fixed on)

• मानसानाम् (mānasānām) - of those whose minds (are fixed)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - as soon as (with 'eva') (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds with 'tadā eva'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

धौम्य (dhaumya) - Dhaumya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - name of a sage, priest of the Pāṇḍavas

अनुमते (anumate) - with the permission, by consent

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - permission, consent, approval

From anu-√man (to consent)

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The compound is Dhaumyānumate = Dhaumyasya anumatau (in Dhaumya's permission).

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Jiṣṇu (Arjuna).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having taken (matted locks) (having done, having made, having taken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √kṛ (to do, make) + -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जटाः (jaṭāḥ) - matted locks of hair

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of jaṭā

jaṭā - matted hair, twisted locks (of an ascetic)

Root: jaṭ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

प्रव्रजितः (pravrajitaḥ) - departed as an ascetic (gone forth, become an ascetic, wandered away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravrajita

pravrajita - gone forth (from home), become an ascetic/monk, banished

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√vraj (to wander forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Jiṣṇuḥ'.

स (sa) - that (Jiṣṇu) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Jiṣṇuḥ.

जिष्णुः (jiṣṇuḥ) - Jiṣṇu (Arjuna) (victorious (epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jiṣṇu

jiṣṇu - victorious, triumphant, a name of Indra, Arjuna

From √ji (to conquer) + -ṣṇu

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तदा (tadā) - from that very moment (with 'eva') (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds with 'yadā eva'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight, happiness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, gladness, excitement

From √hṛṣ (to be excited, glad)

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how could there be? (from where, whence, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb expressing impossibility here.

रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight, pleasure, attachment

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rati

rati - delight, pleasure, love, attachment, enjoyment

From √ram (to delight)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'astu' or 'bhavati'.

तत् (tat) - on him (Arjuna) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of the compound 'tat-gata-mānasānām'.

गत (gata) - fixed on (him) (gone, resorted to, fixed on)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, obtained, reached, fixed on, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

मानसानाम् (mānasānām) - of those whose minds (are fixed)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mānasa

mānasa - relating to the mind, mental, mind, heart

Derived from manas (mind)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The compound `tatgatamānasa` (bahuvrīhi: those whose minds are gone/fixed on him) is here in the genitive plural, modifying an implied 'for whom' or 'among whom'.