महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-120, verse-4

कस्मादयं रामजनार्दनौ च प्रद्युम्नसाम्बौ च मया समेतौ ।
वसत्यरण्ये सह सोदरीयैस्त्रैलोक्यनाथानधिगम्य नाथान् ॥४॥

4. kasmādayaṁ rāmajanārdanau ca; pradyumnasāmbau ca mayā sametau ,
vasatyaraṇye saha sodarīyai;strailokyanāthānadhigamya nāthān.

4. kasmāt ayam rāmajanārdanau ca
pradyumnasāmbau ca mayā sametau
vasati araṇye saha sodarīyaiḥ
trailokyanāthān adhigamya nāthān

4. Why do Rāma (Balarāma) and Kṛṣṇa (Janārdana), Pradyumna and Sāmba, accompanied by me, reside in the forest with their siblings, even though they have acquired the very lords of the three worlds (trailokyanāthān) as their protectors?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, on what account)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (situation/person, implying Janārdana as the central figure) (this, he, this one)

• रामजनार्दनौ (rāmajanārdanau) - Balarāma and Kṛṣṇa (Janārdana) (Rāma and Janārdana)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• प्रद्युम्नसाम्बौ (pradyumnasāmbau) - Pradyumna and Sāmba

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Draupadī) (by me, with me)

• समेतौ (sametau) - accompanied (by me) (accompanied, met, united)

• वसति (vasati) - reside (implying 'they reside' despite singular form for poetic effect or collective sense) (resides, lives, stays)

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in a wilderness)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with, along with)

• सोदरीयैः (sodarīyaiḥ) - with their siblings (by or with siblings)

• त्रैलोक्यनाथान् (trailokyanāthān) - the lords of the three worlds (trailokyanāthān) (lords of the three worlds)

• अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having acquired (having obtained, having reached)

• नाथान् (nāthān) - as their protectors (protectors, lords, masters)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why, on what account)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of 'kim' (what), used adverbially.

अयम् (ayam) - this (situation/person, implying Janārdana as the central figure) (this, he, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

रामजनार्दनौ (rāmajanārdanau) - Balarāma and Kṛṣṇa (Janārdana) (Rāma and Janārdana)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāmajanārdana

rāmajanārdana - Rāma (Balarāma) and Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+janārdana)

• rāma – pleasing, charming; Balarāma (Kṛṣṇa's elder brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• janārdana – stirring people, agitating people; a name of Kṛṣṇa (Janārdana)
  proper noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

प्रद्युम्नसाम्बौ (pradyumnasāmbau) - Pradyumna and Sāmba

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pradyumnasāmba

pradyumnasāmba - Pradyumna and Sāmba (sons of Kṛṣṇa)

Compound type : dvandva (pradyumna+sāmba)

• pradyumna – very mighty, very splendid; a name of Kṛṣṇa's son
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāmba – together with Ambā (Pārvatī); a name of Kṛṣṇa's son
  proper noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Draupadī) (by me, with me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)

समेतौ (sametau) - accompanied (by me) (accompanied, met, united)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sameta

sameta - accompanied, met, united

Past Passive Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'sam' (with, together) and 'a' (towards).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Rāmajanārdanau and Pradyumnasāmbau.

वसति (vasati) - reside (implying 'they reside' despite singular form for poetic effect or collective sense) (resides, lives, stays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Grammatically singular, but contextually refers to multiple subjects.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in a wilderness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert

सह (saha) - with (with, together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case.

सोदरीयैः (sodarīyaiḥ) - with their siblings (by or with siblings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sodarīya

sodarīya - sibling, brother, sister; born of the same womb

From 'sa' (with, same) + 'udara' (womb) + 'īya' (suffix for relation).

त्रैलोक्यनाथान् (trailokyanāthān) - the lords of the three worlds (trailokyanāthān) (lords of the three worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of trailokyanātha

trailokyanātha - lord of the three worlds

Compound type : tatpurusha (triloka+nātha)

• triloka – three worlds (heaven, earth, underworld)
  noun (masculine)
• nātha – lord, master, protector
  noun (masculine)

अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having acquired (having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable participle)

नाथान् (nāthān) - as their protectors (protectors, lords, masters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, owner