महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-120, verse-24

उभौ हि युद्धेऽप्रतिमौ पृथिव्यां वृकोदरश्चैव धनंजयश्च ।
कस्मान्न कृत्स्नां पृथिवीं प्रशासेन्माद्रीसुताभ्यां च पुरस्कृतोऽयम् ॥२४॥

24. ubhau hi yuddhe'pratimau pṛthivyāṁ; vṛkodaraścaiva dhanaṁjayaśca ,
kasmānna kṛtsnāṁ pṛthivīṁ praśāse;nmādrīsutābhyāṁ ca puraskṛto'yam.

24. ubhau hi yuddhe apratimau pṛthivyām
vṛkodaraḥ ca eva dhanañjayaḥ ca
kasmāt na kṛtsnām pṛthivīm praśāset
mādrīsutābhyām ca puraskṛtaḥ ayam

24. Indeed, Bhīma (Vṛkodara) and Arjuna (Dhānañjaya) are both unrivaled in battle on this earth. Supported by the sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva), why should he (Yudhiṣṭhira) not rule the entire earth?

Words meanings summery:

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• अप्रतिमौ (apratimau) - unrivaled, incomparable

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, on the ground

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Bhīma (lit. wolf-bellied))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Arjuna (lit. conqueror of wealth))

• च (ca) - and

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• न (na) - not

• कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth, ground

• प्रशासेत् (praśāset) - he should rule, he would rule

• माद्रीसुताभ्याम् (mādrīsutābhyām) - by Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin sons of Mādrī (by the sons of Mādrī, with the sons of Mādrī)

• च (ca) - and

• पुरस्कृतः (puraskṛtaḥ) - supported, attended by (honored, placed in front, supported)

• अयम् (ayam) - this Yudhiṣṭhira (this (one))

Words meanings and morphology

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to Vṛkodara and Dhanañjaya.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

अप्रतिमौ (apratimau) - unrivaled, incomparable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of apratima

apratima - unrivaled, incomparable, peerless

Negation 'a-' + 'pratima' (equal, likeness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pratima – likeness, image, equal
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: prati

Note: Agrees with 'ubhau' (Vṛkodara and Dhanañjaya).

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

Root: pṛth

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Bhīma (lit. wolf-bellied))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied, a name of Bhīma

From vṛka (wolf) + udara (belly).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with Dhanañjaya).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Arjuna (lit. conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

From dhana (wealth) + √ji (to conquer) + aya (nominal suffix).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with Vṛkodara).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Used here to mean 'why'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

Root: pṛth

प्रशासेत् (praśāset) - he should rule, he would rule

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-śās

Optative mood, active voice

From prefix 'pra' and root 'śās'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is Yudhiṣṭhira, referred to by 'ayam'.

माद्रीसुताभ्याम् (mādrīsutābhyām) - by Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin sons of Mādrī (by the sons of Mādrī, with the sons of Mādrī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of mādrīsuta

mādrīsuta - son of Mādrī

From Mādrī (name) + suta (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mādrī+suta)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of Pāṇḍu's second wife, mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √sū (to give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

पुरस्कृतः (puraskṛtaḥ) - supported, attended by (honored, placed in front, supported)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puraskṛta

puraskṛta - honored, supported, accompanied, preceded

Past Passive Participle

From 'puras' (before, in front) + root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-ta'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अयम् (ayam) - this Yudhiṣṭhira (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun.