महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-116, verse-14

जहीमां मातरं पापां मा च पुत्र व्यथां कृथाः ।
तत आदाय परशुं रामो मातुः शिरोऽहरत् ॥१४॥

14. jahīmāṁ mātaraṁ pāpāṁ mā ca putra vyathāṁ kṛthāḥ ,
tata ādāya paraśuṁ rāmo mātuḥ śiro'harat.

14. jahi imām mātaram pāpām mā ca putra vyathām kṛthāḥ
tataḥ ādāya paraśum rāmaḥ mātuḥ śiraḥ aharat

14. "Slay this sinful mother, and, my son, do not feel any distress." Then, taking an axe, Rama severed his mother's head.

Words meanings summery:

• जहि (jahi) - kill, strike

• इमाम् (imām) - Refers to his mother. (this (feminine))

• मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

• पापाम् (pāpām) - sinful, wicked

• मा (mā) - do not

• च (ca) - and

• पुत्र (putra) - Vocative, addressing Rama. (O son!)

• व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, agitation

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should cause (distress to yourself) i.e., 'feel distress'. (you should do, you should make)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having received

• परशुम् (paraśum) - axe

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (a proper noun)

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• अहरत् (aharat) - he carried off, he cut off

Words meanings and morphology

जहि (jahi) - kill, strike

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of han

Imperative Active

root han (2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada), Imperative 2nd person singular

Root: han (class 2)

इमाम् (imām) - Refers to his mother. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पापाम् (pāpām) - sinful, wicked

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, evil, wicked; sin, evil

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist to express prohibition.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पुत्र (putra) - Vocative, addressing Rama. (O son!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, agitation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - pain, distress, trouble, agitation

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound verb 'vyathām kṛ' meaning 'to feel distress'.

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should cause (distress to yourself) i.e., 'feel distress'. (you should do, you should make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, past aorist (Luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Middle

root kṛ (8th conjugation, Atmanepada), Aorist 2nd person singular. Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This form of Aorist is used with `mā` for prohibition.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having received

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dā (1st/3rd conjugation), with prefix ā, forming an absolutive (gerund).

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

परशुम् (paraśum) - axe

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraśu

paraśu - axe, hatchet

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name); pleasing, charming

मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Nominative and accusative singular of 'śiras' are 'śiraḥ'. Context indicates accusative.

अहरत् (aharat) - he carried off, he cut off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect Active

root hṛ (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada), Imperfect 3rd person singular

Root: hṛ (class 1)