महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-9

ततश्चिन्तामुपगतः शक्रः कथमयं द्विजः ।
तिर्यग्योनावसंभाव्यमानृशंस्यं समास्थितः ॥९॥

9. tataścintāmupagataḥ śakraḥ kathamayaṁ dvijaḥ ,
tiryagyonāvasaṁbhāvyamānṛśaṁsyaṁ samāsthitaḥ.

9. tataḥ cintām upagataḥ śakraḥ katham ayam dvijaḥ
tiryagyonau asaṃbhāvyam ānṛśaṃsyam samāsthitaḥ

9. tataḥ śakraḥ cintām upagataḥ ayam dvijaḥ tiryagyonau
katham asaṃbhāvyam ānṛśaṃsyam samāsthitaḥ

9. Then Indra became worried, thinking, 'How is it that this twice-born (dvija), although in an animal species, has adopted such inconceivable kindness?'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• चिन्ताम् (cintām) - worry (thought, worry, anxiety)

• उपगतः (upagataḥ) - attained (worry), became (worried) (approached, attained, gone to)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra, powerful one)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (parrot) (this, he)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born (dvija), referring to the parrot (twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, bird, tooth))

• तिर्यग्योनौ (tiryagyonau) - in an animal species (in an animal species/birth)

• असंभाव्यम् (asaṁbhāvyam) - inconceivable (impossible, inconceivable, not to be imagined)

• आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - kindness (kindness, humanity, compassion)

• समास्थितः (samāsthitaḥ) - has adopted (established, firm in, adopted, taken up)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

चिन्ताम् (cintām) - worry (thought, worry, anxiety)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cintā

cintā - thought, worry, anxiety, reflection

From root cit- 'to think'

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Object of 'upagataḥ'.

उपगतः (upagataḥ) - attained (worry), became (worried) (approached, attained, gone to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upagata

upagata - approached, attained, gone to, happened

Past Passive Participle

From prefix upa- + root gam- 'to go'

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śakraḥ.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Indra, powerful one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful one

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

अयम् (ayam) - this (parrot) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the parrot (dvijaḥ).

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born (dvija), referring to the parrot (twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, bird, tooth))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the parrot.

तिर्यग्योनौ (tiryagyonau) - in an animal species (in an animal species/birth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tiryagyoni

tiryagyoni - animal species, animal birth, quadruped

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tiryac+yoni)

• tiryac – horizontal, across, an animal
  adjective (masculine)
• yoni – womb, source, origin, species
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the species or realm of birth.

असंभाव्यम् (asaṁbhāvyam) - inconceivable (impossible, inconceivable, not to be imagined)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asaṃbhāvya

asaṁbhāvya - impossible, inconceivable, not to be imagined

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Negative particle 'a-' + saṃbhāvya (from sam-bhū)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbhāvya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhāvya – possible, conceivable, estimable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From prefix sam- + root bhū- 'to be'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ānṛśaṃsyam.

आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - kindness (kindness, humanity, compassion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya

ānṛśaṁsya - kindness, humanity, compassion, benevolence

Derived from nṛśaṃsa (cruel) with 'a' for negation and 'ṣya' for abstract noun, implying 'non-cruelty' or 'kindness'

Note: Object of samāsthitaḥ.

समास्थितः (samāsthitaḥ) - has adopted (established, firm in, adopted, taken up)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāsthita

samāsthita - established, firm in, adopted, taken up, assumed

Past Passive Participle

From prefixes sam- + ā- + root sthā- 'to stand'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dvijaḥ.