महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-21

अस्मिन्नहं द्रुमे जातः साधुभिश्च गुणैर्युतः ।
बालभावे च संगुप्तः शत्रुभिश्च न धर्षितः ॥२१॥

21. asminnahaṁ drume jātaḥ sādhubhiśca guṇairyutaḥ ,
bālabhāve ca saṁguptaḥ śatrubhiśca na dharṣitaḥ.

21. asmin aham drume jātaḥ sādhubhiḥ ca guṇaiḥ yutaḥ
bālabhāve ca saṅguptaḥ śatrubhiḥ ca na dharṣitaḥ

21. aham asmin drume jātaḥ guṇaiḥ yutaḥ ca bālabhāve
ca sādhubhiḥ saṅguptaḥ śatrubhiḥ ca na dharṣitaḥ

21. I was born in this tree, endowed with good qualities. And in my childhood, I was well-protected by good people and not assailed by enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - referring to the specific tree mentioned (in this)

• अहम् (aham) - the speaker (Shuka) (I)

• द्रुमे (drume) - the specific tree where Shuka was born (in the tree)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - Shuka's origin in that particular tree (born, produced, arisen)

• साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - indicating that good people provided protection (by good people, by virtuous ones)

• च (ca) - connecting "by good people" with "by qualities" (initially) and then different clauses (and, also)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - the inherent positive attributes Shuka possessed (by qualities, by virtues)

• युतः (yutaḥ) - Shuka having (being joined with) good qualities (endowed with, possessed of, joined with)

• बालभावे (bālabhāve) - referring to the period of Shuka's early life (in childhood, in the state of childhood)

• च (ca) - connecting "in childhood" with the following clause (and, also)

• सङ्गुप्तः (saṅguptaḥ) - Shuka's state of being safe and hidden in his early years (well-protected, thoroughly concealed)

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - the agents who did not harm Shuka (by enemies)

• च (ca) - connecting "well-protected" and "not assailed" (and, also)

• न (na) - negating the act of being assailed (not, no)

• धर्षितः (dharṣitaḥ) - Shuka was not attacked or overpowered (assailed, molested, violated, overcome)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्मिन् (asmin) - referring to the specific tree mentioned (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies drume.

अहम् (aham) - the speaker (Shuka) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

द्रुमे (drume) - the specific tree where Shuka was born (in the tree)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Root: dru

जातः (jātaḥ) - Shuka's origin in that particular tree (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root √jan (to be born, to produce), a class 4 root.

Root: jan (class 4)

साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - indicating that good people provided protection (by good people, by virtuous ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous; a good person, sage

From root √sādh (to accomplish, to succeed).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Agent for saṅguptaḥ.

च (ca) - connecting "by good people" with "by qualities" (initially) and then different clauses (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins sādhubhiḥ and guṇaiḥ in context.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - the inherent positive attributes Shuka possessed (by qualities, by virtues)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, merit

Note: Agent for yutaḥ.

युतः (yutaḥ) - Shuka having (being joined with) good qualities (endowed with, possessed of, joined with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuta

yuta - joined, united, endowed with, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

From root √yu (to join, to connect), a class 2 root.

Root: yu (class 2)

बालभावे (bālabhāve) - referring to the period of Shuka's early life (in childhood, in the state of childhood)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bālabhāva

bālabhāva - childhood, infancy, childish nature

Compound of bāla (child) and bhāva (state, condition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāla+bhāva)

• bāla – child, young, infant
  noun (masculine)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - connecting "in childhood" with the following clause (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins clauses.

सङ्गुप्तः (saṅguptaḥ) - Shuka's state of being safe and hidden in his early years (well-protected, thoroughly concealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgupta

saṅgupta - well-protected, thoroughly concealed, hidden

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- and root √gup (to protect, to conceal), a class 1 root.

Prefix: sam

Root: gup (class 1)

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - the agents who did not harm Shuka (by enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

From root √śat (to cut).

Root: śat (class 10)

Note: Agent for dharṣitaḥ.

च (ca) - connecting "well-protected" and "not assailed" (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins saṅguptaḥ and na dharṣitaḥ.

न (na) - negating the act of being assailed (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates dharṣitaḥ.

धर्षितः (dharṣitaḥ) - Shuka was not attacked or overpowered (assailed, molested, violated, overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharṣita

dharṣita - assailed, molested, violated, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root √dhṛṣ (to be bold, to dare, to overcome), a class 5 root.

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Nullified by na.