महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-8

तमुदारं महासत्त्वमतिमानुषचेष्टितम् ।
समदुःखसुखं ज्ञात्वा विस्मितः पाकशासनः ॥८॥

8. tamudāraṁ mahāsattvamatimānuṣaceṣṭitam ,
samaduḥkhasukhaṁ jñātvā vismitaḥ pākaśāsanaḥ.

8. tam udāram mahāsattvam atimānuṣaceṣṭitam
samaduḥkhasukham jñātvā vismitaḥ pākaśāsanaḥ

8. pākaśāsanaḥ tam udāram mahāsattvam
atimānuṣaceṣṭitam samaduḥkhasukham jñātvā vismitaḥ

8. Having learned that he (the parrot) was noble, greatly courageous, with superhuman actions, and indifferent to pain and pleasure, Indra (Pākaśāsana) was astonished.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the parrot) (him, that)

• उदारम् (udāram) - noble (noble, magnanimous, generous)

• महासत्त्वम् (mahāsattvam) - greatly courageous (of great essence/being, greatly courageous, noble-minded)

• अतिमानुषचेष्टितम् (atimānuṣaceṣṭitam) - with superhuman actions (having superhuman actions/endeavors)

• समदुःखसुखम् (samaduḥkhasukham) - indifferent to pain and pleasure (indifferent to pain and pleasure, having pain and pleasure alike)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having learned (having known, having understood, having learned)

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished (astonished, amazed, wondering)

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (Pākaśāsana) (Indra (slayer of the demon Pāka))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the parrot) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of jñātvā, refers to the parrot.

उदारम् (udāram) - noble (noble, magnanimous, generous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udāra

udāra - noble, magnanimous, generous, excellent

Note: Agrees with tam.

महासत्त्वम् (mahāsattvam) - greatly courageous (of great essence/being, greatly courageous, noble-minded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsattva

mahāsattva - of great essence/being, greatly courageous, noble-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+sattva)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• sattva – essence, being, courage, strength
  noun (neuter)
  From root as- 'to be'
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tam.

अतिमानुषचेष्टितम् (atimānuṣaceṣṭitam) - with superhuman actions (having superhuman actions/endeavors)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atimānuṣaceṣṭita

atimānuṣaceṣṭita - having superhuman actions/endeavors

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ati+mānuṣa+ceṣṭita)

• ati – beyond, excessive, superhuman
  indeclinable
• mānuṣa – human
  adjective (masculine)
  Related to manu
• ceṣṭita – action, deed, endeavor
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ceṣṭ- 'to move, exert, act'
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

समदुःखसुखम् (samaduḥkhasukham) - indifferent to pain and pleasure (indifferent to pain and pleasure, having pain and pleasure alike)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaduḥkhasukha

samaduḥkhasukha - indifferent to pain and pleasure, having pain and pleasure alike

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sama+duḥkha+sukha)

• sama – equal, alike, same
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkha – pain, suffering, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with tam.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having learned (having known, having understood, having learned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root jñā- 'to know', suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Acts as an adverbial modifier to vismitaḥ.

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished (astonished, amazed, wondering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, wondering

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- + root smi- 'to smile, wonder'

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for Pākaśāsanaḥ.

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (Pākaśāsana) (Indra (slayer of the demon Pāka))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - Indra (slayer of the demon Pāka)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – a demon (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śāsana – punisher, slayer, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root śās- 'to govern, punish'
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.