महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-4

तेन दुर्वारितास्त्रेण निमित्तचपलेषुणा ।
महान्वनतरुर्विद्धो मृगं तत्र जिघांसता ॥४॥

4. tena durvāritāstreṇa nimittacapaleṣuṇā ,
mahānvanatarurviddho mṛgaṁ tatra jighāṁsatā.

4. tena durvāritāstreṇa nimittacapaleṣuṇā mahān
vanataruḥ viddhaḥ mṛgam tatra jighāṃsatā

4. The great forest tree there was pierced by that hunter, whose weapon was difficult to control and whose arrow was unsteady in its aim, as he sought to kill the animal.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that hunter (by him, by that)

• दुर्वारितास्त्रेण (durvāritāstreṇa) - by the hunter whose weapon was difficult to control (by one whose weapon was hard to restrain, by one whose weapon was difficult to control)

• निमित्तचपलेषुणा (nimittacapaleṣuṇā) - by the hunter whose arrow was unsteady in its aim (by one whose arrow was unsteady in its aim, by one whose arrow was quickly (moved) from its mark)

• महान् (mahān) - a great (tree) (great, large, mighty)

• वनतरुः (vanataruḥ) - a forest tree (a forest tree, a tree of the woods)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - was pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - the animal (that the hunter wanted to kill) (a deer, an animal, a beast)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (where the animal was) (there, in that place)

• जिघांसता (jighāṁsatā) - by the hunter wishing to kill (the animal) (by one wishing to kill, desiring to kill)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that hunter (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the hunter.

दुर्वारितास्त्रेण (durvāritāstreṇa) - by the hunter whose weapon was difficult to control (by one whose weapon was hard to restrain, by one whose weapon was difficult to control)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durvāritāstra

durvāritāstra - one whose weapon is hard to restrain

Bahuvrīhi compound: dur (difficult) + vārita (restrained, prevented, past passive participle of √vṛ 'to cover, restrain') + astra (weapon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+vārita+astra)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• vārita – restrained, prevented, checked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛ (to cover, restrain) with causative, past passive participle.
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• astra – weapon, missile, arrow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the hunter (tena).

निमित्तचपलेषुणा (nimittacapaleṣuṇā) - by the hunter whose arrow was unsteady in its aim (by one whose arrow was unsteady in its aim, by one whose arrow was quickly (moved) from its mark)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nimittacapaleṣu

nimittacapaleṣu - one whose arrow is unsteady in its aim

Bahuvrīhi compound: nimitta (aim, target, cause) + capala (unsteady, swift) + iṣu (arrow). Lit. 'one for whom the arrow is unsteady as to the aim'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nimitta+capala+iṣu)

• nimitta – mark, target, aim, cause, omen
  noun (neuter)
• capala – unsteady, fickle, swift, tremulous
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: cap (class 1)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the hunter (tena).

महान् (mahān) - a great (tree) (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Nominative singular masculine form of mahat.

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with vanataruḥ.

वनतरुः (vanataruḥ) - a forest tree (a forest tree, a tree of the woods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanataru

vanataru - forest tree

Compound of vana (forest) and taru (tree).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+taru)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)
• taru – tree
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tṛ

Note: Subject of the passive verb viddhaḥ.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - was pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From √vyadh (to pierce, strike) in past passive participle form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing vanataruḥ.

मृगम् (mṛgam) - the animal (that the hunter wanted to kill) (a deer, an animal, a beast)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, animal, beast, wild animal

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Object of the desiderative participle jighāṃsatā.

तत्र (tatra) - there (where the animal was) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from tad (that).

Note: Refers to the location of the mṛgam.

जिघांसता (jighāṁsatā) - by the hunter wishing to kill (the animal) (by one wishing to kill, desiring to kill)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - wishing to kill, desiring to kill

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem from √han (to strike, kill), with reduplication and -at suffix for present active participle, instrumental singular form.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the hunter (tena), indicating his intent.