महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-5

स तीक्ष्णविषदिग्धेन शरेणातिबलात्कृतः ।
उत्सृज्य फलपत्राणि पादपः शोषमागतः ॥५॥

5. sa tīkṣṇaviṣadigdhena śareṇātibalātkṛtaḥ ,
utsṛjya phalapatrāṇi pādapaḥ śoṣamāgataḥ.

5. saḥ tīkṣṇaviṣadigdhena śareṇa atibalātkṛtaḥ
utsṛjya phalapatrāṇi pādapaḥ śoṣam āgataḥ

5. That tree, powerfully affected by the arrow smeared with potent poison, shed its fruits and leaves and withered away.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (tree) (that, he)

• तीक्ष्णविषदिग्धेन (tīkṣṇaviṣadigdhena) - by the arrow smeared with potent poison (by the one smeared with sharp poison)

• शरेण (śareṇa) - by the arrow

• अतिबलात्कृतः (atibalātkṛtaḥ) - greatly overpowered (by the arrow) (greatly overpowered, forcibly affected, done with great force)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having shed (its fruits and leaves) (having abandoned, having shed, having given up)

• फलपत्राणि (phalapatrāṇi) - its fruits and leaves (fruits and leaves)

• पादपः (pādapaḥ) - the tree (a tree (lit. 'that which drinks with its feet'))

• शोषम् (śoṣam) - desiccation, dryness (dryness, desiccation, wasting away)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - reached (dryness), withered away (reached, arrived, attained, come)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (tree) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

तीक्ष्णविषदिग्धेन (tīkṣṇaviṣadigdhena) - by the arrow smeared with potent poison (by the one smeared with sharp poison)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇaviṣadigdha

tīkṣṇaviṣadigdha - smeared with sharp poison

Compound: tīkṣṇa (sharp, potent) + viṣa (poison) + digdha (smeared, anointed, past passive participle of √dih 'to smear').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīkṣṇa+viṣa+digdha)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, potent, fierce
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: tij
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)
• digdha – smeared, anointed, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dih (to smear, anoint) in past passive participle form.
  Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Qualifies śareṇa.

शरेण (śareṇa) - by the arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, dart

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Instrument of the action on the tree.

अतिबलात्कृतः (atibalātkṛtaḥ) - greatly overpowered (by the arrow) (greatly overpowered, forcibly affected, done with great force)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atibalātkṛta

atibalātkṛta - greatly overpowered, forcibly affected

Past Passive Participle

Compound: ati (very, excessively) + balāt (by force, instrumental of bala) + kṛta (done, made, past passive participle of √kṛ). So, 'made (to be) by great force' or 'overpowered by great force'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+balāt+kṛta)

• ati – very, excessively, over, beyond
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb.
• balāt – by force, forcibly
  indeclinable
  Ablative form of bala (force, strength) used adverbially.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make) in past passive participle form.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective, referring to the tree.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having shed (its fruits and leaves) (having abandoned, having shed, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √sṛj (to cast, create) with the prefix ut (up, out). The -ya ending indicates an absolutive.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Explains an action preceding the main verb.

फलपत्राणि (phalapatrāṇi) - its fruits and leaves (fruits and leaves)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of phalapatra

phalapatra - fruits and leaves

Dvanda compound of phala (fruit) and patra (leaf).

Compound type : dvandva (phala+patra)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal (class 1)
• patra – leaf, feather, wing, letter
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of utsṛjya.

पादपः (pādapaḥ) - the tree (a tree (lit. 'that which drinks with its feet'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree

Compound: pāda (foot, root) + pa (drinker, from √pā 'to drink').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, root (of a tree)
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √pā (to drink), agent noun.
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Reiteration of the subject, the tree.

शोषम् (śoṣam) - desiccation, dryness (dryness, desiccation, wasting away)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoṣa

śoṣa - dryness, desiccation, withering, wasting

From √śuṣ (to dry, wither), noun of action.

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of āgataḥ, indicating the state reached.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - reached (dryness), withered away (reached, arrived, attained, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go) with the prefix ā (to, towards), past passive participle form.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing pādapaḥ.