महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-18

गतायुषमसामर्थ्यं क्षीणसारं हतश्रियम् ।
विमृश्य प्रज्ञया धीर जहीमं ह्यस्थिरं द्रुमम् ॥१८॥

18. gatāyuṣamasāmarthyaṁ kṣīṇasāraṁ hataśriyam ,
vimṛśya prajñayā dhīra jahīmaṁ hyasthiraṁ drumam.

18. gatāyuṣam asāmarthyam kṣīṇasāram hataśriyam
vimṛśya prajñayā dhīra jahi imam hi asthiram drumam

18. dhīra prajñayā vimṛśya hi gatāyuṣam asāmarthyam
kṣīṇasāram hataśriyam asthiram imam drumam jahi

18. O wise one, having carefully considered with discernment, abandon this tree, for it is unstable, its life is spent, it is powerless, its vigor is diminished, and its glory is lost.

Words meanings summery:

• गतायुषम् (gatāyuṣam) - related to the tree, implying its natural lifespan is ending (whose life is gone, having a spent life, aged)

• असामर्थ्यम् (asāmarthyam) - the tree's inability to thrive or recover (powerlessness, inability, lack of strength)

• क्षीणसारम् (kṣīṇasāram) - referring to the tree's declining health and vitality (whose essence is wasted, depleted of vigor, weak)

• हतश्रियम् (hataśriyam) - the tree's lost beauty or prosperity (deprived of glory, unfortunate, whose splendor is lost)

• विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - after careful thought and assessment of the situation (having reflected, having considered, having deliberated)

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - using one's intellect to make a reasoned decision (by wisdom, with intelligence, through discernment)

• धीर (dhīra) - addressing a person of wisdom and steadfastness (O wise one, O courageous one, O resolute one)

• जहि (jahi) - the command to relinquish or get rid of the tree (abandon, give up, destroy, slay)

• इमम् (imam) - referring to the specific tree being discussed (this)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing the reason for abandoning the tree (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अस्थिरम् (asthiram) - the tree's unreliable and impermanent state (unstable, transient, unsteady)

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - the physical tree being referred to, possibly metaphorically representing something else. (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

गतायुषम् (gatāyuṣam) - related to the tree, implying its natural lifespan is ending (whose life is gone, having a spent life, aged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatāyuṣa

gatāyuṣa - whose life is gone, aged, having a spent life

Compound formed from gata (past passive participle of √gam) and āyuṣ (life).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+āyuṣ)

• gata – gone, past, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyuṣ – life, lifespan, duration of life
  noun (neuter)

Note: It qualifies drumam.

असामर्थ्यम् (asāmarthyam) - the tree's inability to thrive or recover (powerlessness, inability, lack of strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asāmarthya

asāmarthya - powerlessness, inability, lack of strength

Derived from samartha (able, capable) with negative prefix a- and suffix -ya for abstract noun.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sāmarthya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sāmarthya – capability, power, strength
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from samartha (capable)

Note: Qualifies drumam.

क्षीणसारम् (kṣīṇasāram) - referring to the tree's declining health and vitality (whose essence is wasted, depleted of vigor, weak)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇasāra

kṣīṇasāra - whose essence is wasted, depleted of vigor, weak

Compound of kṣīṇa (past passive participle of √kṣi) and sāra (essence).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+sāra)

• kṣīṇa – wasted, diminished, decayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √kṣi (to waste, to diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• sāra – essence, strength, vigor, core
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies drumam.

हतश्रियम् (hataśriyam) - the tree's lost beauty or prosperity (deprived of glory, unfortunate, whose splendor is lost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hataśri

hataśri - deprived of glory, unfortunate, whose splendor is lost

Compound of hata (past passive participle of √han) and śrī (glory, splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+śrī)

• hata – slain, struck down, lost, ruined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √han (to strike, to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• śrī – glory, splendor, prosperity, beauty
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies drumam.

विमृश्य (vimṛśya) - after careful thought and assessment of the situation (having reflected, having considered, having deliberated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix vi- and root √mṛś (to touch, to consider) with suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - using one's intellect to make a reasoned decision (by wisdom, with intelligence, through discernment)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, discernment, knowledge

From prefix pra- and root √jñā (to know).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

धीर (dhīra) - addressing a person of wisdom and steadfastness (O wise one, O courageous one, O resolute one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, resolute, courageous, firm, steady

Note: Used here as a vocative.

जहि (jahi) - the command to relinquish or get rid of the tree (abandon, give up, destroy, slay)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of hā

Imperative 2nd singular

From root √hā (to abandon), a class 3 root. jahi is the strong form imperative 2nd singular.

Root: hā (class 3)

इमम् (imam) - referring to the specific tree being discussed (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to drumam.

हि (hi) - emphasizing the reason for abandoning the tree (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle of affirmation or cause.

अस्थिरम् (asthiram) - the tree's unreliable and impermanent state (unstable, transient, unsteady)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asthira

asthira - unstable, transient, unsteady, not firm

Negative compound a- with sthira (firm, stable).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sthira)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sthira – firm, stable, steady, permanent
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies drumam.

द्रुमम् (drumam) - the physical tree being referred to, possibly metaphorically representing something else. (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Root: dru

Note: Object of jahi.