महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
विषये काशिराजस्य ग्रामान्निष्क्रम्य लुब्धकः ।
सविषं काण्डमादाय मृगयामास वै मृगम् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
viṣaye kāśirājasya grāmānniṣkramya lubdhakaḥ ,
saviṣaṁ kāṇḍamādāya mṛgayāmāsa vai mṛgam.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca viṣaye kāśirājasya grāmāt niṣkramya
lubdhakaḥ saviṣam kāṇḍam ādāya mṛgayāmāsa vai mṛgam

2. Bhishma said: In the dominion of the king of Kashi, a hunter, having emerged from a village, took a poisoned arrow and hunted an animal.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable Bhishma, speaking (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

• विषये (viṣaye) - in the dominion (of the king of Kashi) (in the territory, in the dominion, in the subject, in the sphere)

• काशिराजस्य (kāśirājasya) - of the king of Kashi

• ग्रामात् (grāmāt) - from the village

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having emerged (from the village) (having gone out, having emerged, exiting)

• लुब्धकः (lubdhakaḥ) - a hunter (a hunter, a fowler)

• सविषम् (saviṣam) - poisoned (arrow) (poisoned, with poison)

• काण्डम् (kāṇḍam) - an arrow (an arrow, a section, a stem)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (the arrow) (having taken, taking, seizing)

• मृगयामास (mṛgayāmāsa) - hunted (hunted, engaged in hunting)

• वै (vai) - (emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English) (indeed, certainly, verily (an emphatic particle))

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - an animal (to be hunted) (a deer, an animal, a beast)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable Bhishma, speaking (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Form of √vac (to speak) in the perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. It shows reduplication (uvāca from √vac).

Root: vac (class 2)

विषये (viṣaye) - in the dominion (of the king of Kashi) (in the territory, in the dominion, in the subject, in the sphere)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - dominion, territory, sphere, object of sense, subject

काशिराजस्य (kāśirājasya) - of the king of Kashi

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāśirāja

kāśirāja - king of Kashi

Compound of Kāśi (name of a kingdom/city) and rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāśi+rāja)

• kāśi – Kashi (ancient city/kingdom)
  proper noun (feminine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

ग्रामात् (grāmāt) - from the village

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having emerged (from the village) (having gone out, having emerged, exiting)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √kram (to step, to go) with the prefix niṣ (out, forth). The -ya ending indicates an absolutive.

Prefix: niṣ

Root: kram (class 1)

लुब्धकः (lubdhakaḥ) - a hunter (a hunter, a fowler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdhaka

lubdhaka - hunter, fowler

From √lubh (to covet, desire) + -aka suffix, meaning one who desires/hunts.

Root: lubh (class 4)

सविषम् (saviṣam) - poisoned (arrow) (poisoned, with poison)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saviṣa

saviṣa - poisoned, containing poison

Compound of sa (with) + viṣa (poison).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+viṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with kāṇḍam.

काण्डम् (kāṇḍam) - an arrow (an arrow, a section, a stem)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāṇḍa

kāṇḍa - arrow, stalk, section, chapter

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (the arrow) (having taken, taking, seizing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √dā (to give) with the prefix ā (towards, to take). The -ya ending indicates an absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

मृगयामास (mṛgayāmāsa) - hunted (hunted, engaged in hunting)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of mṛgayā

Denominative Perfect Active

Formed from the noun mṛgayā (hunting) with the suffix -āmāsa, indicating a perfect tense form of a denominative verb, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: mṛg (class 10)

वै (vai) - (emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English) (indeed, certainly, verily (an emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

मृगम् (mṛgam) - an animal (to be hunted) (a deer, an animal, a beast)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, animal, beast, wild animal

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Object of mṛgayāmāsa.