महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-12

शुक भोः पक्षिणां श्रेष्ठ दाक्षेयी सुप्रजास्त्वया ।
पृच्छे त्वा शुष्कमेतं वै कस्मान्न त्यजसि द्रुमम् ॥१२॥

12. śuka bhoḥ pakṣiṇāṁ śreṣṭha dākṣeyī suprajāstvayā ,
pṛcche tvā śuṣkametaṁ vai kasmānna tyajasi drumam.

12. śuka bhoḥ pakṣiṇām śreṣṭha dākṣeyī suprajāḥ tvayā
pṛcche tvā śuṣkam etam vai kasmāt na tyajasi drumam

12. bhoḥ śuka pakṣiṇām śreṣṭha dākṣeyī suprajāḥ tvayā
tvā pṛcche etam śuṣkam drumam kasmāt vai na tyajasi

12. O parrot, best among birds! You are blessed with good progeny. I ask you, why do you not abandon this dry tree?

Words meanings summery:

• शुक (śuka) - O parrot (parrot)

• भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (O!, hello!)

• पक्षिणाम् (pakṣiṇām) - among birds (of birds, among birds)

• श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best (best, excellent, most distinguished)

• दाक्षेयी (dākṣeyī) - A complimentary epithet, potentially implying noble lineage or comparing the parrot's progeny to that of divine mothers (daughters of Dakṣa). (daughter of Dakṣa; a name for certain divine females or birds)

• सुप्रजाः (suprajāḥ) - blessed with good progeny (having good offspring, blessed with good children)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (implying 'from you' or 'in your case') (by you)

• पृच्छे (pṛcche) - I ask

• त्वा (tvā) - you (you (accusative))

• शुष्कम् (śuṣkam) - dry (dry, withered)

• एतम् (etam) - this

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, a particle of emphasis)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• त्यजसि (tyajasi) - you abandon (you abandon, you leave, you forsake)

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

Words meanings and morphology

शुक (śuka) - O parrot (parrot)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot

भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (O!, hello!)

(indeclinable)

पक्षिणाम् (pakṣiṇām) - among birds (of birds, among birds)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - best (best, excellent, most distinguished)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most distinguished, foremost

दाक्षेयी (dākṣeyī) - A complimentary epithet, potentially implying noble lineage or comparing the parrot's progeny to that of divine mothers (daughters of Dakṣa). (daughter of Dakṣa; a name for certain divine females or birds)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dākṣeyī

dākṣeyī - daughter of Dakṣa (e.g., Aditi, Diti, Vinatā); a female bird; skillful, dexterous (less common in this form)

Patronymic feminine from Dakṣa

Note: Although typically feminine, here it functions as a complimentary reference to the parrot or its lineage, indicating excellent qualities or progeny. Its specific grammatical relation with 'śukaḥ' might be appositional or attributive in a loose sense.

सुप्रजाः (suprajāḥ) - blessed with good progeny (having good offspring, blessed with good children)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suprajā

suprajā - having good offspring, blessed with good children

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+prajā)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, creature, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 1)

Note: Sandhi with 'tvayā' causes 'suprajāstvayā'. Refers to the parrot 'śukaḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (implying 'from you' or 'in your case') (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

पृच्छे (pṛcche) - I ask

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of prach

Present Middle

root प्रछ् (prach), 6th class, Present, 1st person singular, middle voice

Root: prach (class 6)

त्वा (tvā) - you (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

शुष्कम् (śuṣkam) - dry (dry, withered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuṣka

śuṣka - dry, withered, parched

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'drumam', which is masculine. 'śuṣkam' is a valid masculine accusative singular form ending in -am.

एतम् (etam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Modifies 'drumam'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, a particle of emphasis)

(indeclinable)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

ablative singular of kim

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

त्यजसि (tyajasi) - you abandon (you abandon, you leave, you forsake)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of tyaj

Present Active

root त्यज् (tyaj), 1st class, Present, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: tyaj (class 1)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree