महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-5, verse-19

तदुपश्रुत्य धर्मात्मा शुकः शक्रेण भाषितम् ।
सुदीर्घमभिनिःश्वस्य दीनो वाक्यमुवाच ह ॥१९॥

19. tadupaśrutya dharmātmā śukaḥ śakreṇa bhāṣitam ,
sudīrghamabhiniḥśvasya dīno vākyamuvāca ha.

19. tat upaśrutya dharmātmā śukaḥ śakreṇa bhāṣitam
sudīrgham abhiniḥśvasya dīnaḥ vākyam uvāca ha

19. dharmātmā śukaḥ śakreṇa bhāṣitam tat upaśrutya
sudīrgham abhiniḥśvasya dīnaḥ ha vākyam uvāca

19. Having heard what was spoken by Shakra, Shuka, whose nature was righteous (dharma), sighed very deeply and, being distressed, then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - referring to the preceding statement by Shakra (that, that one)

• उपश्रुत्य (upaśrutya) - Shuka having specifically heard Shakra's speech (having heard, having listened to)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - describing Shuka's inherent moral character (whose soul is (devoted to) dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous)

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - the specific character Shuka in the narrative (Shuka (a proper name, typically a parrot or a sage))

• शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - the speaker of the words Shuka heard (by Shakra (Indra))

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - the speech or statement made by Shakra (spoken, said, told)

• सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - qualifying the act of sighing, indicating a deep, profound sigh (very long, deeply)

• अभिनिःश्वस्य (abhiniḥśvasya) - Shuka's expression of distress or contemplation (having sighed deeply, having exhaled strongly)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - Shuka's emotional state after hearing Shakra's words (distressed, miserable, sorrowful, dejected)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the specific words Shuka then spoke (word, speech, statement)

• उवाच (uvāca) - the act of Shuka speaking (said, spoke, told)

• ह (ha) - an emphasizing particle, affirming the statement (indeed, verily, certainly)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - referring to the preceding statement by Shakra (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, such

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of upaśrutya.

उपश्रुत्य (upaśrutya) - Shuka having specifically heard Shakra's speech (having heard, having listened to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix upa- and root √śru (to hear) with suffix -ya.

Prefix: upa

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - describing Shuka's inherent moral character (whose soul is (devoted to) dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul is dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous, pious

Compound of dharma and ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – soul, self, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies śukaḥ.

शुकः (śukaḥ) - the specific character Shuka in the narrative (Shuka (a proper name, typically a parrot or a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot; Shuka (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - the speaker of the words Shuka heard (by Shakra (Indra))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, strong; Shakra (an epithet of Indra)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agent of bhāṣitam.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - the speech or statement made by Shakra (spoken, said, told)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, stated; speech, language

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhāṣ (to speak, to say), a class 1 root.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the content of what was spoken.

सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - qualifying the act of sighing, indicating a deep, profound sigh (very long, deeply)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, exceedingly long, deeply

Compound of su- (good, intense) and dīrgha (long).

Compound type : karmadhāraya / avyayībhāva (su+dīrgha)

• su – well, good, very, intensely
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• dīrgha – long, extensive, prolonged
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying abhiniḥśvasya.

अभिनिःश्वस्य (abhiniḥśvasya) - Shuka's expression of distress or contemplation (having sighed deeply, having exhaled strongly)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefixes abhi- and niḥ- and root √śvas (to breathe, to sigh) with suffix -ya.

Prefixes: abhi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - Shuka's emotional state after hearing Shakra's words (distressed, miserable, sorrowful, dejected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sorrowful, dejected, poor, humble

From root √dai (to be exhausted, to be sad) or √dī (to perish).

Note: Qualifies śukaḥ implicitly.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the specific words Shuka then spoke (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - the act of Shuka speaking (said, spoke, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense 3rd singular

From root √vac (to speak), a class 2 root.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - an emphasizing particle, affirming the statement (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or expletive particle.